The influence of surface topology on the quality of the point cloud data acquired with laser line scanning probe

Mian, Syed Hammad; Mannan, Mohammed Abdul; Al-Ahmari, Abdulrahman

doi:10.1108/sr-01-2013-611

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The accuracy of the fabricated cranial implant was estimated by employing a 3D comparison analysis in Geomagics Control ® [48]. It can be assumed as one of the comprehensive and dynamic techniques to graphically estimate the surface deviations between the actual object and the reference CAD model [49]. As shown in Figure 12a, the custom made cranial implant was mounted and fixed on the skull and digitized to acquire the test data.…”

Section: Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Analysis of a Ti6Al4V Implant for Cranial Restoration

et al. 2019

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A custom made implant is critical in cranioplasty to cushion and restore intracranial anatomy, as well as to recover the appearance and attain cognitive stability in the patient. The utilization of customized titanium alloy implants using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique and fabricated using Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has gained significant recognition in recent years, owing to their convenience and effectiveness. Besides, the conventional technique or the extant practice of transforming the standard plates is unreliable, arduous and tedious. As a result, this work aims to produce a customized cranial implant using 3D reconstruction that is reliable in terms of fitting accuracy, appearance, mechanical strength, and consistent material composition. A well-defined methodology initiating from EBM fabrication to final validation has been outlined in this work. The custom design of the implant was carried out by mirror reconstruction of the skull's defective region, acquired through computer tomography. The design of the customized implant was then analyzed for mechanical stresses by applying finite element analysis. Consequently, the 3D model of the implant was fabricated from Ti6Al4V ELI powder with a thickness of 1.76-2 mm. Different tests were employed to evaluate the bio-mechanical stability and strength of the fabricated customized implant design. A 3D comparison study was performed to ensure there was anatomical accuracy, as well as to maintain gratifying aesthetics. The bio-mechanical analysis results revealed that the maximum Von Mises stress (2.5 MPa), strain distribution (1.49 × 10 −4 ) and deformation (3.26 × 10 −6 mm) were significantly low in magnitude, thus proving the implant load resistance ability. The average yield and tensile strengths for the fabricated Ti6Al4V ELI EBM specimen were found to be 825 MPa and 880 MPa, respectively, which were well over the prescribed strength for Ti6Al4V ELI implant material. The hardness study also resulted in an acceptable outcome within the acceptable range of 30-35 HRC. Certainly, the chemical composition of the fabricated EBM specimen was intact as established in EDX analysis. The weight of the cranial implant (128 grams) was also in agreement with substituted defected bone portion, ruling out any stress shielding effect. With the proposed approach, the anatomy of the cranium deformities can be retrieved effectively and efficiently. The implementation of 3D reconstruction techniques can conveniently reduce tedious alterations in the implant design and subsequent errors. It can be a valuable and reliable approach to enhance implant fitting, stability, and strength. stability in the patient [2]. Cranial restoration is generally carried out on patients who suffer from head trauma as a result of any injury (accident), infection or congenital deformities [3]. The skull injuries or malformation are considered as one of the most critical and worrying health concerns, which affects a large population all over the world [4]. Moreover, the repairing of cra...

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Section: Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Analysis of a Ti6Al4V Implant for Cranial Restoration

et al. 2019

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“…To study the accurate fitting of the implant onto the skull region, an accuracy analysis of the implant was executed in Geomagics Control ® (3D systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA). It is one of the most dynamic and comprehensive techniques to estimate the deviation between the test and reference CAD object [39]. It was carried out to quantify the error between the implant and the face model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Complex Zygomatic Bone Defects Using Mirroring Coupled with EBM Fabrication of Titanium Implant

Moiduddin

Mian

Umer

et al. 2019

Metals

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Reconstruction of zygomatic complex defects is a surgical challenge, owing to the accurate restoration of structural symmetry as well as facial projection. Generally, there are many available techniques for zygomatic reconstruction, but they hardly achieve aesthetic and functional properties. To our knowledge, there is no such study on zygomatic titanium bone reconstruction, which involves the complete steps from patient computed tomography scan to the fabrication of titanium zygomatic implant and evaluation of implant accuracy. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated system methodology for the reconstruction of complex zygomatic bony defects using titanium comprising several steps, right from the patient scan to implant fabrication while maintaining proper aesthetic and facial symmetry. The integrated system methodology involves computer-assisted implant design based on the patient computed tomography data, the implant fitting accuracy using three-dimensional comparison techniques, finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical behavior under loading conditions, and finally titanium fabrication of the zygomatic implant using state-of-the-art electron beam melting technology. The resulting titanium implant has a superior aesthetic appearance and preferable biocompatibility. The customized mirrored implant accurately fit on the defective area and restored the tumor region with inconsequential inconsistency. Moreover, the outcome from the two-dimensional analysis provided a good accuracy within 2 mm as established through physical prototyping. Thus, the designed implant produced faultless fitting, favorable symmetry, and satisfying aesthetics. The simulation results also demonstrated the load resistant ability of the implant with max stress within 1.76 MPa. Certainly, the mirrored and electron beam melted titanium implant can be considered as the practical alternative for a bone substitute of complex zygomatic reconstruction.

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“…The fitting accuracy of the implants was computed using Geomagics Control ® [41]. The 3D comparison analysis can be considered as one of the most powerful and extensive techniques, to graphically represent the surface deviations between the reconstructed objects and the reference CAD model [42]. At the outset, the test model had to be aligned on the reference CAD model by utilizing the best fit alignment.…”

Section: D Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Design, Analysis and 3D Printing of Prosthesis Scaffolds for Mandibular Reconstruction

Moiduddin

Mian

Alkhalefah

et al. 2019

Metals

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Segmental mandibular reconstruction has been a challenge for medical practitioners, despite significant advances in medical technology. There is a recent trend in relation to customized implants, made up of porous structures. These lightweight prosthesis scaffolds present a new direction in the evolution of mandibular restoration. Indeed, the design and properties of porous implants for mandibular reconstruction should be able to recover the anatomy and contour of the missing region as well as restore the functions, including mastication, swallowing, etc. In this work, two different designs for customized prosthesis scaffold have been assessed for mandibular continuity. These designs have been evaluated for functional and aesthetic aspects along with effective osseointegration. The two designs classified as top and bottom porous plate and inner porous plate were designed and realized through the integration of imaging technology (computer tomography), processing software and additive manufacturing (Electron Beam Melting). In addition, the proposed designs for prosthesis scaffolds were analyzed for their biomechanical properties, structural integrity, fitting accuracy and heaviness. The simulation of biomechanical activity revealed that the scaffold with top and bottom porous plate design inherited lower Von Mises stress (214.77 MPa) as compared to scaffold design with inner porous plate design (360.22 MPa). Moreover, the top and bottom porous plate design resulted in a better fit with an average deviation of 0.8274 mm and its structure was more efficiently interconnected through the network of channels without any cracks or powder material. Verily, this study has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the customized porous titanium implants in mandibular reconstruction. Notice that the design and formation of the porous implant play a crucial role in restoring the desired mandibular performance.

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The influence of surface topology on the quality of the point cloud data acquired with laser line scanning probe

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Fabrication and Analysis of a Ti6Al4V Implant for Cranial Restoration

Fabrication and Analysis of a Ti6Al4V Implant for Cranial Restoration

Reconstruction of Complex Zygomatic Bone Defects Using Mirroring Coupled with EBM Fabrication of Titanium Implant

Digital Design, Analysis and 3D Printing of Prosthesis Scaffolds for Mandibular Reconstruction

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