The influence of temperature and dose on antibacterial peptide response against lipopolysaccharide in the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

“…In agreement with a study on circulating haemocytes of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Hernroth, 2003), LPS did not affect the formazan production of circulating coelomocytes of A. rubens, indicating that it did not induce proliferation of these cells. It was noteworthy that neither the endotoxin LPS nor the plant lectin ConA showed cytotoxicity at these concentrations.…”

Specific expression of antimicrobial peptide and HSP70 genes in response to heat-shock and several bacterial challenges in mussels

“…In M. galloprovincialis, in vitro addition of E. coli O26:B6 LPS to hemocytes resulted in over-expression of a membrane molecule related to IL-2Ra and in stimulation of release of dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline [34]. In vitro antibacterial activity of M. edulis was provoked by E. coli LPS extract in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 versus 10 mg) and was more powerful at 20 C than at 6 C, suggesting involvement of hemocyte metabolism [35]. Vibrio pectinicida, which is pathogenic to Pecten maximus larvae, was demonstrated in vitro to completely inhibit the chemiluminescence activity of P. maximus hemocytes but only partially those of C. gigas [18].…”

Nitric oxide production by haemocytes from Mytilus galloprovincialis shows seasonal variations

“…This result suggests a specific action by IL-2 that distorts the seasonal variation of NO basal production. The pattern of basal seasonal variation coincides with the seasons of marine ''bloom'', when the risk of bacterial or viral infection is the highest [29,30,42]. Winter NO production induced by IL-2 can be considered as a safety mechanism that guarantees a response when the other effectors are less effective.…”