The influence of temperature and preheating time in extrudate quality of solid-state recycled aluminum

Shamsudin, Shazarel; Zhong, Zhang; Rahim, Syaiful Nizam Ab; Lajis, Mohd Amri

doi:10.1007/s00170-016-9521-4

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In order to avoid contamination with cooling and lubrication fluid, dry turning process was performed on a universal lathe "Prvomajska" D-420/1500 (Prvomajska, Raša, Croatia) using an Iscar tool composed of the tool holder SVJCR 2020 K-16 (Iscar, Tefen, Israel) and the cutting insert VCGT 160404-ASIC20 (Iscar, Tefen, Israel). According to Shamsudin et al [23], it is important to take care about chips contamination with cooling and lubrication fluid or impurities because all of these would alter chips chemical composition and subsequently impair bonding of the chips which therefore will affect the bonding quality during solid state recycling. Turning parameters for the fabrication of the aluminum chips and chips average length (l avg ), thickness (t avg ), and width (w avg ) are provided in Table 3.…”

Section: Machining Chips Fabrication and Cold Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPD should assist in grain refinement and fracture of the oxide layers, naturally created on aluminum chips surface, which should lead to the improved chips bonding. Heat treatment should improve the interparticle chip diffusion, while prolonged heating duration to a certain extent can cause better homogeneity of the SSR samples microstructure [23].Furthermore, according to the previous researches, a detailed description of the influence of heat treatment parameters on SSR samples for the presented process is still missing. Therefore, in order to describe the influence of the heat treatment parameters (solid solution time, artificial aging time, and temperature) on recycled samples mechanical properties, statistical approach was used.…”

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Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Krolo

Lela

Dumanić

et al. 2019

Metals

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The main aim of this paper is to present an environmentally friendly method for aluminum recycling. Development of new recycling technologies in order to increase scrap reuse potential and CO 2 emission savings are of the main importance for aluminum circular economy. In this paper, aluminum chips waste was recycled without any remelting phase in order to increase energy and material savings. The presented process is usually called solid state recycling or direct recycling. Solid state recycling process consists of chips cleaning, cold pre-compaction and hot direct extrusion followed by a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and heat treatment. Influence of holding time during solid solution treatment and both artificial aging time and temperature on mechanical properties of the recycled EN AW 6082 aluminum chips were investigated. A comprehensive number of the experiments were performed utilizing design of experiments approach and response surface methodology. Regression models were developed for describe the influence of heat treatment parameters for presented solid state recycling process on mechanical properties of the recycled samples. Utilizing novel procedure high quality recycled samples were obtained with mechanical properties comparable with commercially produced EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy in T6 temper condition. Metallographic analysis of the recycled samples was also performed.In order to reduce the negative effect on the environment, various authors recognized solid state recycling (SSR) as a possible alternative to the conventional aluminum recycling process [4][5][6][7][8][9]. When SSR is employed, material losses are much smaller because the remelting phase is completely avoided. Aluminum is a highly reactive material and it has a tendency to form aluminum oxide on its surface. This is even more pronounced for lightweight aluminum scrap due to its high surface to mass ratio. During the remelting process this oxide is floating on the melt surface mixed with dross. Therefore, aluminum lightweight scrap (chips, foils, and sheet skeletons) is problematic when conventional recycling technology is used because up to 20% of the aluminum can be lost due to the mixing with dross and burning [9]. According to previous research papers concerned with SSR process, it is possible for material yield to be over 90% when this type of recycling is employed, while energy consumption can be only 10% compared to conventional recycling process that uses remelting [6][7][8]. Furthermore, manufacturing profiles from solid state bonded chips gives a 96% saving in CO 2 emission compared to production from billets made by conventional recycling of aluminum manufacturing waste [8]. In order to produce SSR samples with appropriate quality, the combination of the high temperature, normal stress, shear stress, and plastic deformation should be achieved [6,7]. Therefore, the most used process for SSR is direct hot extrusion, but lately severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes opened new possibilities [10]. SPD i...

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Section: Machining Chips Fabrication and Cold Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Krolo

Lela

Dumanić

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Recycling of aluminum prompts an immense number of cost and environmental advantages. In examination with different materials, aluminum production has one of the biggest energy differences between primary and secondary production at 186 MJ per 1 kg and 10 MJ-20 MJ per 1 kg respectively [1]. For this reason, more researchers were attracted to explore the potential of direct recycling to manufacture the end products and expand the utilization of secondary materials [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum as chips can be directly changed into semi-finished or finished items through mechanical operations, for example, hot extrusion, hot forging, rolling, severe plastic deformation forms, friction extrusion, conform process and etc. [1,7]. Products by solid-state recycling of aluminum chips in hot extrusion process are controlled by many factors such as die geometry, ex-trusion ratio, temperature related parameters and etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hot extrusion parameters on microhardness and microstructure in direct recycling of aluminium chips

Rady

Mustapa

Harimon

et al. 2019

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Direct hot extrusion is an alternative process for recycling aluminium without melting the scrap. It utilizes low energy and is environmental friendly. This paper reports the microhardness and microstructure of aluminium alloy chips when subjected to various settings of preheating temperature and preheating time in hot extrusion process. Three values of preheating temperature are taken as 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. On the other hand, three values of preheating time were chosen (1 h, 2 h, 3 h). The influences of the process parameters (preheating temperature and time) are analyzed using design of experiments approach whereby full factorial design with center point analysis are adopted. The total runs are 11 and they comprise of two factors of full factorial design with 3 center points. The responses are microhardness and microstructure. The results show that microhardness increases with the decrease of the preheating temperature. The results also show that the preheating temperature is more important to be controlled rather than the preheating time in microhardness analyses. The profile extrudes at 450 °C and 1 hour has gained the optimum microhardness and it can be concluded that setting temperature at 550 °C for 3 hours results in the highest responses for average grain sizes in analysis of microstructure.

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Effect of Chip Treatment on Chip-Based Billet Densification in Solid-State Recycling of New Aluminium Scrap

Wagiman

Mustapa

Shamsudin

et al. 2019

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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The influence of temperature and preheating time in extrudate quality of solid-state recycled aluminum

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Effect of hot extrusion parameters on microhardness and microstructure in direct recycling of aluminium chips

Effect of Chip Treatment on Chip-Based Billet Densification in Solid-State Recycling of New Aluminium Scrap

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