The Influence of Temperature On Mucociliary Activity<i>Temperature range 20°C-40°C</i>

Mercke, Ulf; Håkansson, C. H.; Toremalm, N. G.

doi:10.3109/00016487409126378

Cited by 75 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our findings were in agreement with Mercke et al [5] who found the relation ship between temperature and mucociliary When cooled to 32°C, respiratory ciliary beat frequency decreased by 9.1 % and brain ciliary frequency by 13%. In a recent study where 39 children ventilated with severe head injury were cooled to 32°C , 25 developed pneumonia [6], Despite chest infections being a common occurrence in ventilated patients, decreased mucociliary clearance may have been a factor that contributed to the unex pectedly high incidence of pneumonia seen in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Brain and Respiratory Cilia: The Effect of Temperature

O’Callaghan¹,

Achaval²,

Forsythe

et al. 1995

Neonatology

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We have used a modified photodiode method to measure ciliary beat frequency of human neonatal cilia, and have developed techniques to allow similar measurements of rat brain cilial function. The effect of temperature change, within the physiological range, on neonatal human respiratory cilia and neonatal rat brain cilia was studied. The mean (SD) ciliary beat frequency of neonatal respiratory cilia at body temperature was 14 (1.1) Hz and that of rat brain cilia 18.9 (1.3) Hz. Respiratory cilial beat frequency decreased by 9.1% and brain cilia by 13% on cooling to 32 °C compared to normal body temperature. Beat frequency increased by 8.5% in respiratory samples and by 12% in brain samples on warming to 40 °C compared to the frequency at normal body temperature. The Q₁₀ of human neonatal respiratory cilia was 1.2 and that of rat brain cilia 1.3.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Brain and Respiratory Cilia: The Effect of Temperature

O’Callaghan¹,

Achaval²,

Forsythe

et al. 1995

Neonatology

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“…This conditioning involves heating the air to body temperature and humidifying the air to full saturation at that temperature. The air conditioning capacity of the nose protects the lower airways by warming and humidifying the air from ambient conditions ranging from temperatures of -42°C to 48°C, from 0% to 100% relative humidity (Mercke et al, 1974), and from 5 L/min to sustained flow rates of 20 to 30 L/min (Cole, 1953). As a consequence of conduction and evaporation, heat is lost from the nasal surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Induction of Therapeutic Hypothermia Using Transnasal High Flow Dry Air

Chava

Zviman

Raghavan

et al. 2017

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management

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Early induction of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is recommended in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA); however, currently no reliable methods exist to initiate cooling. We investigated the effect of high flow transnasal dry air on brain and body temperatures in adult porcine animals. Adult porcine animals (n = 23) under general anesthesia were subject to high flow of transnasal dry air. Mouth was kept open to create a unidirectional airflow, in through the nostrils and out through the mouth. Brain, internal jugular, and aortic temperatures were recorded. The effect of varying airflow rate and the air humidity (0% or 100%) on the temperature profiles were recorded. The degree of brain cooling was measured as the differential temperature from baseline. A 10-minute exposure of high flow dry air caused rapid cooling of brain and gradual cooling of the jugular and the aortic temperatures in all animals. The degree of brain cooling was flow dependent and significantly higher at higher airflow rates (0.8°C -0.3°C, 1.03°C -0.6°C, and 1.3°C -0.7°C for 20, 40, and 80 L, respectively, p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Air temperature had minimal effect on the brain cooling over 10 minutes with similar decrease in temperature at 4°C and 30°C. At a constant flow rate (40 LPM) and temperature, the degree of cooling over 10 minutes during dry air exposure was significantly higher compared to humid air (100% saturation) (1.22°C -0.35°C vs. 0.21°C -0.12°C, p < 0.001). High flow transnasal dry air causes flow dependent cooling of the brain and the core temperatures in intubated porcine animals. The mechanism of cooling appears to be evaporation of nasal mucus as cooling is mitigated by humidifying the air. This mechanism may be exploited to initiate TH in CA.

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“…A maior parte dos trabalhos preconiza valores elevados de umidade relativa (próximos a 100%) do gás inspirado para evitar que ocorram alterações do epitélio respiratório e da atividade mucociliar 26,27 . Em nossa pesquisa, valores próxi-mos a esses somente foram obtidos a partir de 60 minutos do experimento.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Differently from temperature, relative gas humidity at anesthesia machine outlet and close to the tracheal tube was similar for both groups (Figures 5 and 6 respectively). Most studies preconize high relative inspired gas humidity values (close to 100%) to prevent respiratory epithelium and muco-ciliary activity changes 26,27 . Our research has obtained values close to this only 60 minutes after beginning of experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Umidificação e aquecimento do gás inalado durante ventilação artificial com baixo fluxo e fluxo mínimo de gases frescos

Gorayb¹,

Bráz²,

Martins³

et al. 2004

Rev. Bras. Anestesiol.

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RESUMO B A C K G R O U N D A N D O B J E C T I V E S : I n h a l e d g a s humidification and heating are necessary in patients under tracheal intubation or tracheostomy to prevent damage to respiratory system resulting from the contact of cold and dry gas with the airways. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of respiratory circle systems with carbon dioxide absorbers from Dräger's Cicero anesthesia machine (Germany) as to inhaled gases heating and humidification ability using low fresh gases flow (1 L.minoxygen only. Evaluated attributes were temperature, relative and absolute humidity of the operating room and of respiratory circuit gas. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in inhaled gas temperature, relative and absolute humidity between groups, but they have increased along time in both groups, with influence of operating room temperature on inhaled gas temperature for both groups. Near optimal levels of humidity and temperature were reached as from 90 minutes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: There have been no significant differences in inhaled gas humidity and temperature with fresh gases low flow or minimum flow. , com surgimento de atelectasias e complicações pulmonares 3 . Assim, durante a ventilação artificial realizada sob intubação traqueal, o aquecimento e a umidificação dos gases inspirados são essenciais para assegurar a integridade das vias aé-reas, preservação da função mucociliar e melhora das trocas gasosas 4 . A umidade pode ser conceituada de várias formas: umidade máxima, que é a quantidade máxima de vapor de água que pode existir na fase gasosa de uma determinada atmosfera, na dependência de sua temperatura; umidade absoluta, que é a massa de vapor de água presente em determinado volume de gás, sendo usualmente expressa em mg de água por litro de gás; e umidade relativa representada pela relação entre a massa de vapor de água contida em um determinado volume de gás à determinada temperatura e a massa de vapor de água máxima que esse volume de gás poderia conter à mesma temperatura. Para facilitação dos cálculos de umidade existem tabelas propostas para cálculo de umidade absoluta em função da temperatura 5 . Ainda não se tem completa concordância em relação aos ní-veis ideais de aquecimento e umidificação dos gases inalados pelos pacientes, mas torna-se necessário o estabelecimento de limites de aquecimento e umidificação do gás inspirado 6,7 . Teoricamente, a temperatura do gás deve estar pró-xima à da temperatura central, que é de 37 ºC, e a umidade relativa não deve ultrapassar 100%, para que não ocorra desidratação da mucosa da árvore respiratória e a velocidade do transporte mucociliar seja máxima 3 . Entre nós, verificou-se, em estudo experimental em cães submetidos à intubação traqueal e ventilação mecânica durante três horas, os efeitos do aquecimento e umidificação absoluta dos gases inspirados, de acordo com as alterações histológicas do epitélio da mucosa da árvore traqueobrôn-quica à microscopia óptica. Os autores concluíram que o aquecimento e a umidificação ab...

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The Influence of Temperature On Mucociliary ActivityTemperature range 20°C-40°C

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

Brain and Respiratory Cilia: The Effect of Temperature

Brain and Respiratory Cilia: The Effect of Temperature

Rapid Induction of Therapeutic Hypothermia Using Transnasal High Flow Dry Air

Umidificação e aquecimento do gás inalado durante ventilação artificial com baixo fluxo e fluxo mínimo de gases frescos

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