The influence of the Gondwanan breakup on the biogeographic history of the ziziphoids (Rhamnaceae)

Hauenschild, Frank; Favre, Adrien; Michalak, Ingo; Muellner‐Riehl, Alexandra N.

doi:10.1111/jbi.13448

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A well‐resolved phylogeny, representative taxon sampling, and reliably identified and dated fossils have been shown to be extremely important for the estimation of realistic divergence times (e.g., Linder et al, ; Mao & Liu, ; Mao et al, ; Muellner et al, , Hauenschild et al, ). Although the relatively good fossil record for Betulaceae has encouraged studies using molecular clock dating, inferring realistic divergence times is still challenging, mainly due to the relatively poor taxon sampling and low phylogenetic resolution (Forest et al, ; Xing et al, ; Larson‐Johnson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications

Yang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Betulaceae is a well-defined family of Fagales, including six living genera and more than 160 modern species. Species of the family have high ecological and economic value for the abundant production of wood. However, phylogenetic relationships within Betulaceae have remained partly unresolved, likely due to the lack of a sufficient number of informative sites used in previous studies. Here, we re-investigate the Betulaceae phylogeny with whole chloroplast genomes from 24 species (17 newly assembled), representing all genera of the family. All the 24 plastomes are relatively conserved with four regions, and each genome is $158-161 kb long, with 111 genes. The six genera are all monophyletic in the plastome tree, whereas Ostrya Scop. is nested in the Carpinus clade in the internal transcribed spacer tree. Further incongruencies are also detected within some genera between species. Incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybrid introgression during the diversification of the family could account for such incongruencies. Our dating analysis, based on four fossils, suggests that the most recent common ancestors of the extant genera date back to the mid-to late Miocene, and confirms that Betulaceae started to diversify in the upper Cretaceous/early Paleocene. Our results highlight the significance of using more informative sites in resolving phylogenetic relationships. Plastome data and increased taxon sampling will help to better understand the evolutionary history of Betulaceae in the future.We would like to thank Dr. Zhiqiang Lu and Mingcheng Wang for their great help with collecting samples in the field and in Phylogenetics of Betulaceae 7 www.jse.ac.cn J. Syst. Evol. 9999 (9999): 1-11, 2019Yang et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications

Yang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…With priors that are too narrow, the analysis will often produce clade ages that are much too young, and this is especially likely in a group with such a sparse fossil record as Meliaceae. Priors are crucial. As Hauenschild et al (2018) observed, vicariance is often ruled out for clades in which reconstructed age estimates are younger than continental breakup. However, they noted that the young ages estimated "may also be due to overly small highest posterior density intervals of the time estimated based on too narrowly set priors, and vicariance thereby may be erroneously ruled out (Beaulieu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Chronological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae

Heads¹

2019

GBS

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This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to 'radiations' from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion.

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“…2-4 and Supplementary Figs. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and Supplementary Videos 2-3). Eophylica can be distinguished from Phylica on the basis of the number of sepals and the absence of petals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cretaceous fire-resistant angiosperms

Wang¹,

Chao²,

Cai³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Flowering plants (angiosperms) dominate most global ecosystems today, but their rapid Cretaceous diversification has remained poorly understood ever since Darwin referred to it as an ‘abominable mystery’. Although numerous Cretaceous fossil flowers have been discovered in recent years, most are represented by incomplete charcoalified fragments that do not preserve delicate structures such as complete petals and surface textures, which means that their similarity to living forms is often difficult to discern. The scarcity of information about the ecology of early angiosperms makes it difficult to test hypotheses about the drivers of their diversification. Among other factors, frequent fires in the Cretaceous have been postulated as having possibly facilitated the rise of angiosperms. However, to date no early fossil angiosperms displaying fire-adapted traits have been known, making the role of fire in shaping Cretaceous floras uncertain.Results: We report the discovery of two exquisitely preserved fossil flower species, one identical to the inflorescences of the extant crown eudicot genus Phylica and the other recovered as a sister group to Phylica, both preserved as inclusions in Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (~99 Ma). These specialized flower structures, named Phylica piloburmensis sp. nov. and Eophylica priscastellata gen. et sp. nov., were adapted to surviving frequent wildfires, providing the earliest evidence of fire-resistance in angiosperms. The fossils suggest that fire was a significant selective force in Cretaceous angiosperm floras and that adaptations to fire resistance in some eudicot clades have been conserved for at least 99 Ma. This morphological stasis encompasses a range of floral characters, including the production of ‘pseudo-flowers’, and characteristic fruit and pollen architecture. Given its morphological distinctiveness, the Eophylica-Phylica clade represents one of the first well-documented angiosperm ‘living fossil’ genera from the Cretaceous. Conclusion: Our study suggests that core eudicots with specialised flower morphology displaying hallmarks of fire resistance and identical to those of the extant south African genus Phylica, had originated by the mid-Cretaceous (~99 Ma). Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions indicate that these plants lived in conditions similar to those of present-day southern Africa where 70% of taxa survive frequent burning, and that fire resistance was probably widespread in the fire-prone Cretaceous. The results also provide new insights into the biogeographic origin of at least one element of the highly endemic Greater Cape Region biodiversity hotspot flora biota.

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The influence of the Gondwanan breakup on the biogeographic history of the ziziphoids (Rhamnaceae)

Cited by 33 publications

References 53 publications

Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications

Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications

Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae

Cretaceous fire-resistant angiosperms

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