THE INFLUENCE OF THE pH OF A CULTURE SOLUTION ON THE RATES OF ABSORPTION OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NITROGEN BY THE TOMATO PLANT

Clark, Harold E.; Shive, J. W.

doi:10.1097/00010694-193403000-00004

Cited by 38 publications

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“…ABSORPTION STUDIES BORON DEFICIENCY.-The data in table I show the milligrams of nitrate nitrogen absorbed in nine hours by nasturtium plants of series I grown at three levels of boron for 4,6,8,11, and 14 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Boron in the Substrate on the Rate of Nitrate Absorption and on Nitrogen Distribution in Nasturtium

Briggs

1943

Plant Physiol.

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Boron was not conisidered indispensable for the normal growth and development of higher plants prior to 1923. In this year WARINGTON (32) proved conclusively that boron was essential for the growth and normal development of Vicia faba and several other members of the Leguminoseae. Subsequent investifgators, JOHNSTON and DORE (8, 9), MCHARGUE and CALFEE (11, 12), MCMURTREY (13), SHIVE (24) and others have shown that a small continuous supply of boron is essential for the vegetative growth and reproduction of higher green plants, that the effective range of concentration varies with the species and environmental conditions, and that a deficiency of boroni produces characteristic abnormal anatomical and cytological changes within the plant.The purpose of the experiments here reported was to determine the effect of boron in the substrate on the rate of nitrate absorption and on the distribution of nitrogen in plant tissues.Golden gleamii niasturtium (Tropaeolumnt majjus, var. florepleno) was selected for these investigations because it was found in preliminary experiments that this planit responded very rapidly to a deficiency of boron in the substrate ( fig. 1). Methods Seed of uniiform size was selected, disinfected with 1: 1000 mercuric chloride for five minutes, thoroughly rinsed in distilled water, and placed between cleani moist blotters. When the primary root was 3 cm. long the germinating seeds were placed on paraffined nets stretched over a complete nutrient solution after the method of SHIVE and ROBBINS (25). When the seedling had three leaves, uniform plants were tranisferred to paraffined cork stoppers (25) which were placed in holes in paraffined tin tops of one-gallon glass candy jars. These culture vessels contained a complete nutrient solution. The planits were continuously aerated and continuously supplied with nutrient solution by the method of SHIVE and STAHL (26). A three-salt stock solutioil of the following composition was used: KH2PO4, 0.0021 M; Ca(NO,)2, 0.0042 M; and MgSO4, 0.0021 M.In the complete solution boron, manganese, and zince were also supplied as boric acid, manganese sulphate, and zinc sulphate, respectively, at the rate of 0.25 p.p.m. of solution. Iron was added as ferric tartrate at the rate of 1 p.p.m. Enough sulphuric acid was added to make the initial pH of the nutrient solution 4.0 to 4.2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGYThe method of determining absorption rates was essentially that outlined by CLARK and SHIVE (4). At the end of the absorption interval of nine hours the plants were separated into leaf-blades, petioles, stems, and roots and the weight recorded. Representative aliquots of the tissue fractions, placed in trays, were carefully cut into small pieces and dried at 700 C. in an oven through which air was rapidly circulating. Dry weights of the fractions were then determined and the tissue stored .in air tight bottles. The solution in which these plants had been growing and the rinsings of the necessary supplementary vessels were collected quantitatively and made to volume. Nitrogen...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of determining absorption rates was essentially that outlined by CLARK and SHIVE (4). At the end of the absorption interval of nine hours the plants were separated into leaf-blades, petioles, stems, and roots and the weight recorded.…”

Section: Plant Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Boron in the Substrate on the Rate of Nitrate Absorption and on Nitrogen Distribution in Nasturtium

Briggs

1943

Plant Physiol.

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“…The final pH of media (after incubation of the shoots) (Fig. 3b) when only NH,~ was used as a nitrogen source is known to inhibit absorption and assimilation of NH~ [1,[3][4][5]18]. Likewise, the resulting pH in media containing only NO~ inhibits NO~ absorption and assin~ilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of sucrose and nitrogen in adventitious root formation on cultured rose shoots

Hyndman

Hasegawa

Bressan

1981

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Abstract. Cultured shoots of Rosa 'Improved Blaze' were used to determine the effects of sucrose and inorganic nitrogen on adventitious root formation. Shoots grown in media containing high sucrose concentrations (146.07-262.93 mM) produced more and longer roots than those grown in media containing 0-87.64 mM sucrose. This response to sucrose was related to the metabolism of sucrose rather than its osmotic properties since the use of mannitol and 3-0-methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside as osmotic substitutes did not reproduce the effect on rooting. The number and length of roots increased when the shoots were grown in media with the nitrogen concentration of the MurashigeSkoog (MS) salt formulation reduced from 60 to 7.5 mM. Neither nitrate (NO-3) nor ammonium (NH~) alone at any of the concentrations tested had the effect on rooting that both had together in the ratio of the MS salt formulation. When the sucrose and nitrogen concentrations were both varied, the greatest rate of root initiation occurred on shoots grown in media with a high sucrose to nitrogen concentration ratio.

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“…With nutrient solutions of 0.44, 0.83 and 1.7 atmospheres osmotic value, plants made excellent vegetative growth and had greater total green and dry weight per plant than those in solutions of lowest and highest osmotic value. 4. Vegetative growth of plants with solutions of 3.1 atmospheres osmotic value was good, but was limited by factors other than quantitative inorganic nutrient supply, the most important of which was apparently low available water for tissue development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relation of Nutrient Salt Concentration to Growth of the Tomato and to the Incidence of Blossom-End Rot of the Fruit

Robbins¹

1937

Plant Physiol.

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IntroductionThe control of the nutrient salt concentration of the solution bathing plant roots is a factor of importance in plant growth whether in artificial culture or in soil. When essential salts are present in very low concentrations, growth may be limited by a deficiency of one or more of the elements necessary in plant metabolism. When salt concentrations are high, growth is dependent upon factors other than mere quantitative nutrient supply. One of these factors is the osmotic concentration of the solution which, in turn, affects the water, relations within the plant.In the tomato plant, a serious disturbance of the normally existing water relations has been assigned as the cause of the physiological disease of the fruit known as blossom-end rot. This disease consists of the development at the stylar end of the fruit of a spot having a slight, watery discoloration of the tissue which increases in size and gradually turns from brown to black. It is accompanied by a shrinkage of the affected part of the fruit. The symptoms of this disease are known, its occurrence has been frequently described, and the serious loss which it causes in some seasons is well recognized (1,3,15,28,29,35).Although the development of blossom-end rot is evidently concerned with the adequacy of the water supply of the affected tissues of the fruit, yet many other factors than the concentration of the nutrient solution have been indirectly associated with the incidence of this fruit disorder in the garden, field, and greenhouse. Low soil moisture has been the factor most often associated with the development of blossom-end rot of the tomato (3,29,35). Various other cultural or environmental factors have likewise been associated with the incidence of this disease as: over-watering the soil (15), and the attendant lack of gaseous exchange in the soil following heavy watering (28); the staking of tomato plants (29,30); the use of unbalanced fertilizers high in potassium and ammonium salts (1, 35); and the transfer of tomato plants from a shaded to a non-shaded greenhouse (3). Vigorously vegetative plants have been found to be more generally affected with blossomend rot than plants grown less vigorously (3, 15). On the other hand,

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE pH OF A CULTURE SOLUTION ON THE RATES OF ABSORPTION OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NITROGEN BY THE TOMATO PLANT

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Boron in the Substrate on the Rate of Nitrate Absorption and on Nitrogen Distribution in Nasturtium

Effect of Boron in the Substrate on the Rate of Nitrate Absorption and on Nitrogen Distribution in Nasturtium

The role of sucrose and nitrogen in adventitious root formation on cultured rose shoots

Relation of Nutrient Salt Concentration to Growth of the Tomato and to the Incidence of Blossom-End Rot of the Fruit

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