Objective: To evaluate prospective associations between elevations in body mass index (BMI) at average age 27 and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) at average age 59 in a community sample of women. Design: Three waves of data collected over three decades were drawn from mothers in the Children in the Community (CIC) Study. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate predictive effects of two BMI cutpoints (X30 and X25) on GAD and MDD independent of other risks for psychopathology. Measurements: Information about height and weight was obtained by self-report in face-to-face interviews. GAD and MDD were assessed by structured interview covering DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Other potential risk factors examined included age, race, education, prior depressive symptoms and marital status, chronic disease, social support and financial strain concurrent with GAD and MDD. Results: A baseline BMI X30 significantly increased the odds for subsequent GAD and MDD by 6.27 and 5.25 times, respectively, after adjusting for other significant risk factors. Odds of GAD also increased significantly given a baseline BMI X25 (by 2.44 times); however this association was not independent of other significant risk factors. Predictive associations between a baseline BMI X30 and MDD were not attenuated by attained BMI assessed at outcome. Conclusion: Findings extend existing evidence of the mental health consequences of obesity in a representative sample of mothers, and suggest that obesity may have long-term implications for mental distress in women at a clinical level over the adult years.