The influence of yogurt/lactobacillus on the innate and acquired immune response

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross‐reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic†

“…[33][34][35][36][37][38] There are strains, however, capable of promoting the synthesis of interferon ␥, 33,39-42 a cytokine supporting the production of antibodies of the IgG3 isotype. [43][44][45] The IgG3 isotype, characterizing LACDE BGAL 266-280 /PDC-E2 212-226 cross-reactive antibodies, is noted for its ability to recruit major effectors of tissue damage, such as complement and Fc receptor-bearing cytotoxic cells, [46][47][48] and may have pathogenic implications in PBC.…”

“…Because BGAL LACDE is a major enzyme of an organism widely used in food production, 18,38 its possible role as an environmental trigger in the pathogenesis of PBC must now seriously be considered. However, whether LACDE-containing fermented products accelerate PBC-specific autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals 42,51 or, in contrast, induce tolerance 33,36,37 and hence offer an approach to therapeutic interventions in patients with PBC, remains to be clarified.…”

Probiotics/direct fed microbials for Salmonella control in poultry

“…The mechanism of action of probiotics against Salmonella Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Among the many benefits associated with the consumption of probiotics, modulation of the immune system has received the most attention (Borchers, Keen, & Gershwin, 2002;Borchers, Selmi, Meyers, Keen, & Gershwin, 2009). …”

Probiotics and Respiratory Tract Diseases

“…In Common infectious diseases (CID) of the airways and the gastrointestinal tract are still a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly as aged people experience more frequent and severe community-acquired CID. Oral administration of specific probiotics has been reported to influence defense by the host in a beneficial way by modulating the immune system and increasing the transepithelial resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Several studies documented that certain probiotics increase the number and activity of natural killer cells [3,10] , enhance antibody response to vaccination [1,2,4,7] and increase the rate of seroprotection and seroconversion [1] .…”

“…Oral administration of specific probiotics has been reported to influence defense by the host in a beneficial way by modulating the immune system and increasing the transepithelial resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Several studies documented that certain probiotics increase the number and activity of natural killer cells [3,10] , enhance antibody response to vaccination [1,2,4,7] and increase the rate of seroprotection and seroconversion [1] . Probiotics were not only shown to enhance immune responses at the systemic level [8,9] , but there is also evidence for beneficial effects on the prevention and management of infections by probiotics [10] .…”