The Ingenious Structure of Scorpion Armor Inspires Sand-Resistant Surfaces

Zhang, Junqiu; Chen, Wenna; Yang, Mingkang; Chen, Siqi; Zhu, Bin; Niu, Shichao; Han, Zhiwu; Wang, Huiyuan

doi:10.1007/s11249-017-0895-8

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To demonstrate that these scale-like surface textures show only minimal wear under harsh tribological conditions (unlubricated contact, sapphire counter body), an optical micrograph of a sample surface after 1000 m of sliding is presented in Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1 . This image demonstrates that wear of these surface morphologies is negligible, in agreement with previous results [ 23 ] and with the good antierosion performance of surface textures inspired by scorpion armour [ 20 ]. Future research will involve thoroughly quantifying wear rates.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Researchers have started to look to biology in search for morphological textures that would allow for tribologically optimized surfaces [ 17 ]. Among the animals and biological structures that have been considered are butterfly wings [ 18 ], beetles and earthworms [ 19 ], scorpions [ 20 ] as well as (and most importantly) the skin of snakes and sand fish lizards [ 21 – 24 ]. It has been demonstrated, for example, that sandfish skin exhibits low friction and little wear [ 25 – 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

Schneider¹,

Djamiykov²,

Greiner³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Reducing friction forces is a major challenge in many engineering applications involving moving parts. For the past 50 years, the morphological texturing of surfaces for improving tribological properties has been investigated. Only recently, the application of biologically inspired surface features, like scales found on lizards and snakes, has come to the attention of tribologists. Here, we present results of the lubricated and unlubricated performance of biologically inspired scale-like textures applied with laser light to the surface of bearing steel pins. These were paired in unidirectional sliding against metallic (100Cr6), polymeric (PEEK) and ceramic (Al2O3) counter bodies. Additionally, a possible size effect was investigated by changing the scale diameter between 13 and 150 µm under dry sliding contact against sapphire. Our results demonstrate that depending on the contact conditions a biologically inspired surface morphology has the potential to reduce friction forces by more than 80%. However, under certain conditions, especially for slow-moving lubricated steel-on-steel and steel-on-ceramic contacts, these surface morphologies may increase friction as well. Similar to classical laser surface textures, such as round dimples, these biologically inspired morphologies need to be carefully optimized for each tribological system in which they are intended to be applied. There is no standard solution for all sliding conditions. The results presented here demonstrate that such efforts have the potential to yield significant reduction in friction forces and are expected to spark future research in the field of biologically inspired surface morphologies applied to tribological contacts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

Schneider¹,

Djamiykov²,

Greiner³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…Lin et al suggested that the grooves and ribs in the particulate, two-phase boundary layer flow can reduce solid erosion of the wall surface 28,29 and that these disturbances can optimize the erosion resistance conditions. 30 Han et al 27,31,32 proposed a biomimetic anti-erosion method, and confirmed that the bio-inspired rippled morphology can reduce the erosive wear of the particles by changing the boundary conditions of the near-wall flow field, thereby affecting the movement trajectories and speeds of solid particles in gas-solid flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Erosion wear resistance mechanism of erosion ripples

Zhang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Erosion ripples widely exist on natural and industrial surfaces suffering gas–solid flow erosion. During the steady state of erosion ripples formation, the material removal and plastic flow rate of the material basically reach a dynamic equilibrium. In this state, the erosion rate of the surface material is steady and at a low level. In this paper, the relationship between erosion ripples and the erosion characteristics of surface materials was explored by experimental and simulation methods. Under the conditions of air pressures of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa and erosion angles of 30°, 40° and 50°, several erosion ripples were prepared on the surface of 1060 aluminium alloy samples by sandblasting. According to the obtained morphological parameters and orthogonal test design, rippled samples with rectangular, triangular and semicircular groove sections were designed. The effect of morphology parameters on the erosion resistance of the sample was analysed by a sandblasting test. The results showed that the rippled samples have lower erosion rates than the plate sample. The cross-sectional shape of grooves is the most obviously affected factor. The velocity distribution and surface pressure distribution on the surface of rippled and plate samples were analysed by FLUENT software, and the results showed that the low-speed reflow vortex will be formed in grooves of erosion ripples that can change the near-wall flow field conditions. The differential pressure generated on two sides of the ridge between adjacent grooves, as well as the area decrease of erosion caused by the “shaded effect,” may be the cause of the erosion resistance. The results of this study can provide new insight into the active erosive wear resistance method of mechanical components.

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“…Inspired by the back of the desert scorpion, a few researchers have reported a hexagonal pit structure with excellent anti-erosion properties [186,[188][189][190]. The biomimetic samples with microstructures as shown in Figure 12d resulted in reduced erosion wear due to reduced solid particle velocity caused by rotational low velocity (explained in Figure 12f).…”

Section: Bioinspired Surfaces For Erosive Wear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review

Kumar,

Rezapourian,

Rahmani

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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Friction, wear, and the consequent energy dissipation pose significant challenges in systems with moving components, spanning various domains, including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and bio-MEMS (microrobots), hip prostheses (biomaterials), offshore wind and hydro turbines, space vehicles, solar mirrors for photovoltaics, triboelectric generators, etc. Nature-inspired bionic surfaces offer valuable examples of effective texturing strategies, encompassing various geometric and topological approaches tailored to mitigate frictional effects and related functionalities in various scenarios. By employing biomimetic surface modifications, for example, roughness tailoring, multifunctionality of the system can be generated to efficiently reduce friction and wear, enhance load-bearing capacity, improve self-adaptiveness in different environments, improve chemical interactions, facilitate biological interactions, etc. However, the full potential of bioinspired texturing remains untapped due to the limited mechanistic understanding of functional aspects in tribological/biotribological settings. The current review extends to surface engineering and provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of bioinspired texturing that exhibits sustainable synergy between tribology and biology. The successful evolving examples from nature for surface/tribological solutions that can efficiently solve complex tribological problems in both dry and lubricated contact situations are comprehensively discussed. The review encompasses four major wear conditions: sliding, solid-particle erosion, machining or cutting, and impact (energy absorbing). Furthermore, it explores how topographies and their design parameters can provide tailored responses (multifunctionality) under specified tribological conditions. Additionally, an interdisciplinary perspective on the future potential of bioinspired materials and structures with enhanced wear resistance is presented.

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The Ingenious Structure of Scorpion Armor Inspires Sand-Resistant Surfaces

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

Erosion wear resistance mechanism of erosion ripples

Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review

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