The Inhibition of Water‐diuresis by Emotional Stress and by Muscular Exercise

Rydin, Håkan; Verney, E. B.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1938.sp000757

Cited by 151 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Emotional stress is stated to cause a rise in the plasma AVP level (Rydin and Verney, 1939) and PCV (Berns et al, 1979). However, the stability of PCV in the pre-methadone time period excludes stress as a significant factor in increasing PCV or plasma AVP values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of methadone on plasma arginine vasopressin level and urine production in conscious dogs

Hellebrekers

Mol

Brom

et al. 1987

European Journal of Pharmacology

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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of i.v. methadone on the plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels and urine production in 9 conscious dogs. A highly significant increase from the baseline plasma AVP values of below 3 pg/ml occurred within 5 min following methadone administration. Maximum levels were reached within 30-50 min post-injection and varied from 18.5 to 100 pg/ml. A significant decrease in urine production was not seen under these experimental conditions. Mean arterial blood pressure did not change significantly during the experiment. Apart from the partial influence of the methadone-induced respiratory acidosis, we postulate a direct relationship between i.v. administration of methadone and the increased plasma AVP levels in dogs.Methadone; Arginine-vasopressin; (Dog)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of methadone on plasma arginine vasopressin level and urine production in conscious dogs

Hellebrekers

Mol

Brom

et al. 1987

European Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Removal of amounts of blood insufficient to alter blood pressure significantly may nevertheless lead to increased ADH activity (9). There is also suggestive evidence that there may at times be increased ADH activity in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Many stimuli, in addition to hypertonicity, increase ADH production, including certain anaesthetic (1) and narcotic drugs (2), barbiturates (3), smoking (4,5) and nicotine (6, 7), acetylcholine (8), exercise (9), emotion (9), syncope ( 10), pain ( 11 ) and conditioned reflexes ( 11 ), as well as the direct electrical (12) or acetylcholine (13) stimulation of nerve cells and fibers connected with the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland. Removal of amounts of blood insufficient to alter blood pressure significantly may nevertheless lead to increased ADH activity (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Water Diuresis” Produced During Recumbency by the Intravenous Infusion of Isotonic Saline Solution 1

Strauss¹,

Davis²,

Rosenbaum³

et al. 1951

J. Clin. Invest.

241

142

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Control of renal excretion of water in man is largely vested in the supra-optico-hypophyseal system. When the tonicity of the blood plasma and extracellular fluid rises, an increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to the conservation of water inasmuch as urinary solutes are excreted with a minimum of water. Conversely, when tonicity falls, a diminution of ADH output permits the excretion of a large volume of dilute urine. In both instances homeostasis is served.Many stimuli, in addition to hypertonicity, increase ADH production, including certain anaesthetic (1) and narcotic drugs (2), barbiturates (3), smoking (4, 5) and nicotine (6, 7), acetylcholine (8), exercise (9), emotion (9), syncope ( 10), pain ( 11 ) and conditioned reflexes ( 11 ), as well as the direct electrical (12) or acetylcholine (13) stimulation of nerve cells and fibers connected with the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland. Removal of amounts of blood insufficient to alter blood pressure significantly may nevertheless lead to increased ADH activity (9). There is also suggestive evidence that there may at times be increased ADH activity in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (14,15).In contrast to the many factors which may lead to increased antidiuretic activity few other than destructive lesions involving the supra-optico-hypophyseal system and hypotonicity of the plasma and extracellular fluid have been reported to cause a decline in ADH activity. These are hypnotic suggestion (1), alcohol administration (16-18), and exposure to cold (19).1 Reviewed in the Veterans Administration and published with the approval of the Chief Medical Director. The statements and conclusions published by the authors are the result of their own study and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of the Veterans Administration.It is the purpose of this communication to present evidence that a rather rapid isotonic expansion of extracellular fluid volume (or some factor associated with such a volume increase) leads to a water diuresis of the type which follows diminished ADH activity. METHODSThe subjects were three essentially healthy male adults hospitalized for the investigation of minor symptoms for which no organic cause was found and which cleared rapidly. Without previous preparation2 they came to the laboratory one to two hours after breakfast, voided, and began the timed collection of urine specimens. When it became apparent that the flow of urine was diminishing, blood was collected without stasis from an antecubital vein after the arm had been immersed in hot water for five minutes to arterialize the blood (20), following which 3,000 ml. of 0.9 per cent solution of sodium chloride in water (Sp. Gr. 1.005 at 15°C.) was infused intravenously at a constant rate of 25 ml./min., the entire infusion requiring two hours. A blood sample was collected from the opposite arm immediately upon the completion of the infusion, and a third at a subsequent time. Urine was voided at intervals during and after the infusion, the subject standing for ...

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“…In several of the study protocols, base line AVP values tended to be somewhat higher than those of adult nonpregnant ewes (1.5 + 0.36 pU/ ml) (25). The reason for the higher baseline values is not clear; any painful procedure was followed by a recovery period of at least 1 day to minimize the effect of painful stimuli on AVP secretion (22). However, the stress of the physiologic studies might be somewhat greater for lambs than for adult ewes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Vasopressin Secretion in the Newborn Lamb

et al. 1979

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Summaryrelative to the adult. The present studies were undertaken to characterize plasma AVP responses to phlebotomy, hypertonic The plasma sodium, osmolality, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) saline infusion, water loading, and fluid deprivation in the newresponses t~ phlebotomy, hypertonic water loading and born lamb and t~ relate these responses to those seen in adult fluid restriction were studied in 2-49 day old lambs. Phlebotomy ewes. of 10 and 20% of the lamb's estimated blood volume produced 37-and &fold increments in plasma AVP, without a concomitant change in plasma sodium or osmolality. The infusion of 10 mEq/ MATERIALS A N D METHODSkg sodium chloride produced a 12% rise in plasma sodium concentration accompanied by a 7-fold rise in plasma AVP. Water loading ANIMALS with 100 ml/kg hypotonic fluid Produced a significant fall in plasma Jugular vein and carotid artery catheters were inserted under sodium concentration (10.7%) and a decrease in plasma AVP.local anesthesia into 22 spontaneously delivered, full term, Eighteen hr of water deprivation evoked a 7-fold increase in AVP.healthy, (Columbia-Suflolk) lambs. A heparin solution was used These indicate that the newborn lamb is of to maintain patency of the catheters. The animals were allowed to responding appropriately to stimuli for secretion. The nurse ad libitum from the ewes. Each lamb was allowed at least 1 stimulus response ratio (SRR): recovery day after catheter placement before studv. Four studvprotocols were used to stimulate or suppress endogenous AVP SRR = A osmolality release; these included phlebotomy, hypertonic saline, fluid deprivation, and water loading. No animal participated in more than of newborn lambs was nearly identical after hypertonic saline and two studies; sequential studies were performed in random order. water loading and was also quite similar to that of the adult ewe Three ml base line blood samples were collected from the carotid after a saline challenge. The SRR of water deprived lambs was artery at -6 min, -3 min, and immediately before each challenge. greater than that after the other stimuli, presumably reflecting Phlebotomy was conducted in 10 lambs ranging in age from 1-combined volume and osmolar stimuli. We conclude that the 7 wk (mean = 26 days). After collection of baseline samples, as neurohypophysis and the volume receptor systems of the newborn above, 10 ml/kg of blood were removed over 1-2 min, after which lamb are capable of appropriate, mature AVP responsiveness 3 ml blood samples were obtained every 3 min for 15 min. A during the first days of extrauterine life. second 10 ml/kg phlebotomy was then performed and the sampling protocol repeated. Hypertonic saline stimulation was conSpeculation ducted in 11 lambs 2-35 days old (mean = 19 days). Base line The present studies indicate that AVP secretion in the newborn blood samples were collected as described, and hypertonic ~a c l sheep is responsive to both volume and osmolar stimuli. Quanti-(10 mEq/kg of a solution containing 4 mEq/ml) was injected over tat...

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The Inhibition of Water‐diuresis by Emotional Stress and by Muscular Exercise

Cited by 151 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of methadone on plasma arginine vasopressin level and urine production in conscious dogs

Effect of methadone on plasma arginine vasopressin level and urine production in conscious dogs

“Water Diuresis” Produced During Recumbency by the Intravenous Infusion of Isotonic Saline Solution 1

Control of Vasopressin Secretion in the Newborn Lamb

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