The Inhibitory Activities and Antiviral Mechanism of Medicinal Plant Ingredient Quercetin Against Grouper Iridovirus Infection

Abstract

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) causes high mortality rates in mariculture, and effective treatments against SGIV infection are urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. (I. verum) is a well-known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The natural ingredient quercetin isolated from I. verum could effectively inhibit SGIV infection in a dose-dependent manner. The possible antiviral mechanism of quercetin was further analyzed in this study. It showed that quercetin did obvious damages to SGIV particles. Furthermore, quercetin could interfere with SGIV binding to targets on host cells (by 76.14%), disturb SGIV invading into host cells (by 56.03%), and effect SGIV replication in host cells (by 52.73%), respectively. Quercetin had the best antiviral effects during the SGIV life cycle of binding to the receptors on host cells' membranes. Overall, the results suggest that quercetin has direct and host-mediated antiviral effects against SGIV and holds great potential for developing effective drugs to control SGIV infection in aquaculture.

O‐Glycosidequercetin derivatives: Biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structure–activity relationship for drug design, a review

“…Quercetin is found in numerous fruits, vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and several drinks like coffee, tea, red wine, fruit juice (Cheng et al, 2019; Dymarska, Janeczko, & Kostrzewa‐Susłow, 2018), and many plants (Das et al, 2020; Poljuha et al, 2017). Quercetin has different biological activities (Table 1) (Batiha, Beshbishy, et al, 2020) such as anticancer (Hanikoglu et al, 2020; Manukyan, 2019; Manukyan & Hovhannisyan, 2020), antioxidant (Houngue et al, 2017; Li et al, 2018; J. Liu et al, 2018), antibacterial (Adamczak, Ożarowski, & Karpiński, 2020; Pal & Tripathi, 2020; Yadav, Mehrotra, Bhartiya, Singh, & Dutta, 2020), antiinflammatory (Endale et al, 2013; Kooshyar et al, 2017; Qin et al, 2017), anti‐Alzheimer (da Silva et al, 2019; Y. Qi, Yi, et al, 2020; P. Qi, Li, et al, 2020), antifungal (Al‐Huqail et al, 2019; Kwun & Lee, 2020; Petrescu, Paunescu, & Ilia, 2019), antiviral (Colunga Biancatelli, Berrill, Catravas, & Marik, 2020; M. Liu et al, 2020; Sekiou, Bouziane, Bouslama, & Djemel, 2020), antithalassemia or iron chelation (Diamantis et al, 2018; Lesjak, Balesaria, Skinner, Debnam, & Srai, 2019; Vlachodimitropoulou, Sharp, & Naftalin, 2011), antiobesity (Carrasco‐Pozo, Cires, & Gotteland, 2019; Kim et al, 2015; Nasri et al, 2019), antidiabetic (Ali et al, 2020; Hassanien, Saad, & Radwan, 2020; Yao et al, 2019), antihypertension (Brüll et al, 2017; Elbarbry, Abdelkawy, Moshirian, & Abdel‐Megied, 2020), protection of cardiovascular (Jagtap et al, 2009; Jing et al, 2016; Zhang, Zhang, & Wang, 2020), anti‐Parkinson (Zbarsky et al, 2005), and antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities (Alves et al, 2018; Costa et al, 2013; Da Silva, Calgarotto, Chaar, & Marangoni, 2008; Nworu & Akah, 2015...…”

Antiviral Activities of Green Tea Components against Grouper Iridovirus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

“…f. extracts also have effective concentrationdependent anti-SGIV properties [16]. Quercetin has been clearly shown to damage SGIV particles and to disturb SGIV binding, invasion, and replication in host cells, with inhibition rates of 76.14%, 56.03%, and 52.73%, respectively [25]. Similarly, components of Lonicera japonica Thunb.…”

Review of Medicinal Plants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients against Aquatic Pathogenic Viruses

“…Later, they further analyzed the possible antiviral mechanism of Qct [123,124]. Qct resulted in significant damage to SGIV particles.…”

“…Illicium verum Hook. f. Qct Promoting the recognition of SGIV and activating the IFN pathway [123,124] Curcuma kwangsiensis CKEE; urdione Inhibiting virus replication [126] Lonicera japonica Thunb. IAA, IAB, IAC, CA, LT, IS Inhibiting virus replication [127] Viola philippica Extract Disturbing virus binding, entry, and replication in host cells [129] Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GUF) Extract Impacting the binding of virus particles to cell receptors and the replication of viruses in host cells [130] WSSV Green tea EGCG Inducing gene expression involved in the innate immune response [138,139] Typha angustifolia Naringenin (NAR) Restraining early viral gene replication [140] Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Hesperidin Improving nonspecific immunity [142] Gardenia…”