The Inhibitory Effect of Baicalin on the Short-Term Food Intake in C57BL/6J Mice

Abstract

-Appetite is inhibited by the anorexigenic neuropeptides POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and CART (cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript) in the hypothalamus. The present study was performed to examine the inhibitory effects of baicalin against food intake and the upregulation of POMC/CART. Short-term food intake (48 h) was significantly inhibited by treatment with baicalin (10 mg/kg, p＜0.05) in C57BL/6 mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that baicalin upregulated POMC and CART levels in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These effects were also examined using an in vitro system. pPOMC-Luc or pCART-Luc plasmids were transformed into mouse N29-2 neuronal and human SH-SY5Y cells, and the activities of baicalin were examined in these cells. Baicalin increased POMC and CART promoter-driven luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxic effects. These results suggest that baicalin downregulates short-term food intake while upregulating POMC and CART expression.

Ginsenoside Rp1, a Ginsenoside Derivative, Blocks Promoter Activation of iNOS and COX-2 Genes by Suppression of an IKKβ-mediated NF-κB Pathway in HEK293 Cells

“…The cells were used for experiments 48 h after transfection. Luciferase assays were performed using the Luciferase Assay System (Promega) [14,15].…”

Anti-inflammatory activity of Sorbus commixta water extract and its molecular inhibitory mechanism

“…cells (1 × 10 6 cells/ml) or RAW264.7 cells (5 × 10 4 cells/ml) were transfected with one or two of plasmids containing NF-B-Luc, MyD88, Tag2-Flag, or AP-1-Luc (1 g/ml each) as well as ␤-galactosidase (0.5 g/ml) using the PEI method (for HEK293 cells) or lipopectamin 2000 (for RAW264.7 cells) in a 12-well plate for 48 h and treated with Sc-WE in the presence or absence of TNF-␣ (20 ng/ml), PMA (0.1 M) or LPS (1 g/ml) for 24 h. Luciferase assay was performed using the Luciferse Assay System (Promega), as reported previously (Jeon et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010a).…”

AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract

“…The cells were treated with Pg-C-EE for 24 h prior to termination. Luciferase assays were performed using the Luciferase Assay System (Promega) as reported previously [29] . Luciferase activity was normalized to β-galactosidase activity.…”

“…Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is known to contain ginsenosides, acid polysaccharides, and fatty acids as major components. Ginsenosides are composed of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , which have known pharmacological features and biological activities including immune enhancement, anti-inflammation effects, antioxidant effects, memory enhancement, platelet-aggregation inhibitory effects, improvement of menopausal disorders, and induction of metabolic energy [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] . The inflammation-regulatory effects of KRG have been reported in several papers [33] , [34] ; however, the immunopharmacological roles and cellular mechanisms of the Korean ginseng calyx (a peduncle of ginseng) is poorly understood.…”