The initiation of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel: on the role and importance of sulphide inclusions

Stewart, J.M.; Williams, David E.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(92)90074-d

Cited by 316 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such stainless steel alloys have a mixture of (Mn, Fe, Cr)S, silicon rich and oxide inclusions that form an array of defect sites (38). MnS inclusions are the primary pit initiation sites in stainless steels and can make up anywhere from 20% to 100% of the inclusions (14). The MnS inclusion density of the commercial 316 stainless steel alloy was 2800 inclusions/mm 2 with an average "effective" nearest neighbor distance (NND) of 17.3 µm taken as the average distance between an inclusion and its five closest neighbors.…”

Section: Experimental Control Of Pitting Corrosion Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further complication can arise, viz., stable pitting preceded by metastable pit formation, which is indicated by anodic current spikes that form micrometer size pits, often at a sub-lattice or array of non-metallic inclusions that act as weak sites in the passive film (10,11). Moreover, it is well known that there is a statistical correlation between metastable and stable pitting (12) and that the frequency of metastable pitting increases with increasing applied potential (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). A trigger mechanism has also been proposed (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonequilibrium collective phenomena in the onset of pitting corrosion

2009

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Nonequilibrium collective phenomena and effects of nonlinear pattern formation play the crucial role in the onset of pitting corrosion on stainless steels. Such materials are naturally protected by the oxide layer covering their surface. The onset of pitting corrosion involves the development of microscopic metastable pits, each persisting for about a second. As proposed in our publications and confirmed in subsequent experiments, sudden transition to active corrosion results from chain reproduction of metastable pits on the stainless steel surface leading to an autocatalytic explosion.

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Section: Experimental Control Of Pitting Corrosion Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium collective phenomena in the onset of pitting corrosion

2009

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“…One of the main problems for pitting corrosion investigations is its stochastic initiation [5], which despite numerous works is not totally understood and for which several initiation mechanisms [6] and different possible initiation sites [7][8][9][10][11] have been proposed. This is the reason why the study of pitting corrosion by simply adding an aggressive anion, such as chloride ion, to the electrolytic solution is an intricate problem: it leads for full-immersion conditions to the simultaneous formation of several pits at different stages of development on the material surface, thus making any pitting analysis of this stochastic phenomena very difficult [12;13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Propagation of Open and Covered Pit in 316l Stainless Steel

Heurtault

Robin

Rouillard

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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Pitting corrosion on stainless steel has been widely studied during the last decades, but since it is a stochastic process, it remains difficult to analyze experimentally such a phenomenon. In this work, reproducible single pits were performed on 316L steel by using an experimental setup based on the use of a glass microcapillary to locally supply chloride ions on the steel surface in order to characterize the pit propagation. This original approach allowed obtaining new results about pit propagation. Indeed, it was possible to control the presence of a metallic cap recovering the pit by adjusting the experimental parameters (potential -chloride to sulfate ratio -temperature). The presence of this cover was shown to be an important issue concerning the propagation mechanism.It was also possible to study the evolution of both the pit depth and the pit diameter as a function of various parameters. Then, based on the simulation of the current densities at the pit bottom and at the pit aperture, a special attention has been paid for the investigation of the local propagation mechanism.

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“…The non-metallic inclusions are known to be preferred sites for the nucleation of pits on steels [11][12][13]. Steel corrosion studies have been conducted using aggressive media, such as NaCl, HCl and H2SO4 at relatively high concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosiveness of Brazilian Candiota Coal

2015

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Candiota city, in the south of Brazil, is located near the largest reserves of mineral coal of the country. This coal is used for thermoelectric power generation. The extraction of coal from open-cut mines involves operations may generate at least some particulate matter into the atmosphere. These particles retained on the surface of metallic structures exposed to the atmosphere, may adsorb gases such as CO, CO2, SO2 and NO, which, in combination with humid air form corrosive substances, such as HNO3 and H2SO4. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of Candiota coal on the corrosion of buried steel structures and exposed to atmosphere containing particulate matter from coal combustion. The coal sample was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), surface area analysis (BET method), electrical conductivity (EC) analysis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Corrosion was simulated by exposure of steel samples to coal particles and thermoelectric industrial atmosphere. Electrochemical tests of solutions leached from the coal were conducted by voltammetry to evaluate the soluble compounds corrosiveness. The corrosion rate was determining following the technical standard ASTM G1-90. Localized attacks and corrosion products formations were detected in API 5L Grade B steel exposure to coal. The average corrosion rate for the samples in direct contact to the pulverized coal was 0.15 mm/year, while in samples exposed to the atmosphere from industrial power plant was 0.30 mm/year. It is concluded that API 5L Grade B steel metal structures, exposed to atmospheres rich in Candiota coal and its derivatives, must be properly protected and monitored to avoid future damage caused by corrosion.

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The initiation of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel: on the role and importance of sulphide inclusions

Cited by 316 publications

References 24 publications

Nonequilibrium collective phenomena in the onset of pitting corrosion

Nonequilibrium collective phenomena in the onset of pitting corrosion

On the Propagation of Open and Covered Pit in 316l Stainless Steel

Corrosiveness of Brazilian Candiota Coal

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