The innervation of the cervix and cornu uteri in the rabbit

Schofield, Brenda M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004751

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Stimulation of the hypogastric nerve of rabbits causes contractions of the uterine cornu and cervix in situ (Schofield, 1952) and of the cornu in vitro (Varagic, 1956). Mann & West (1951) recovered adrenaline and noradrenaline from blood in the ovarian vein after stimulation of hypogastric nerves to the uterus of the cat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Isolated Sympathetic Nerve‐ductus Deferens Preparation of the Guinea‐pig

Huković

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

121

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An isolated ductus deferens preparation together with the sympathetic hypogastric nerve of the guinea-pig is described. While the preparation showed no spontaneous contractions, nerve stimulation produced longitudinal contractions. The responses to successive periods of nerve stimulation remained constant for several hours. After noradrenaline had been added to the bath fluid for 30 min and then the fluid repeatedly changed to wash out the noradrenaline, the effect of nerve stimulation was greatly increased but declined in the course of 1 hr to the original height. Cocaine also increased the response to stimulation. Preparations made from guinea-pigs which had previously received reserpine responded to nerve stimulation with progressively diminishing contractions. In these circumstances, the administration of noradrenaline restored the response to nerve stimulation to that seen originally. This paper describes the effect of noradrenaline and cocaine on the response to electrical stimulation of the nerve to the isolated ductus deferens preparation of the guinea-pig. METHODSGuinea-pigs were killed by a blow on the head and bled out. The animal was fixed on its back on the operating table, the abdomen opened in the mid-line and the gut displaced to the right. The testes were pushed into the abdominal cavity by pressure on the scrotum. Holding one testis, the ductus deferens was freed from connective tissue and cut from the epididymis. The testis was then removed. Grasping the cut end of the ductus deferens with small forceps, it was separated from the adjacent tissue. Without further cleaning of the ductus deferens, the hypogastric nerves were identified. The right and left nerves can easily be seen in the middle of the mesentery of the colon. One nerve was tied, and cut 5 cm from the ductus deferens; this was cleaned to within 0.5 cm of the organ. The remainder of the nerve up to the ductus deferens, which is fine and diffuse, was preserved by isolating the piece of peritoneum which contained it. The ductus deferens was then cut from the urethra and removed together with its nerve and the small piece of peritoneum to a bath of Krebs solution. During the dissection the organ and nerve were moistened with Krebs solution. A second satisfactory preparation can be made from the contralateral side, for speed in preparation is not essential.The ductus deferens was tied by its proximal end to a hollow glass rod and set up in an isolated organ bath containing 12 ml. of Krebs solution at 310 C bubbled with 5% carbon dioxide and 95% oxygen. The distal end of the ductus was attached to a lever which wrote on a smoked paper. The hypogastric nerve was passed through the channel of a pair of electrodes of the pattern described by Burn & Rand (1960a) situated below the meniscus of the bath fluid. A vibrator attached to the frame of the organ bath improved recordings. The preparation was stimulated submaximally by rectangular pulses of 2 to 3 V and of 2 msec

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Isolated Sympathetic Nerve‐ductus Deferens Preparation of the Guinea‐pig

Huković

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

121

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“…Nakanishi & Wood (1971) by atropine. Also, electrical stimulation of the pre-ganglionic sacral parasympathetic nerves in the rabbit in vivo only occasionally produced cervical or uterine horn contractions (Schofield, 1952) and did not induce action potentials in uterine nerves (Bower, 1966). Therefore, to date, there has been little evidence for a cholinergic motor uterine innervation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested on the basis of histological studies in the human (Danforth, 1947) and stress-strain studies on isolated rat cervix (Harkness, 1964) that the mechanical properties of the cervix are determined mainly by the connective tissue. However, both in vitro and in vivo, in a variety of species, cervical tissue can exhibit spontaneous mechanical activity and will respQnd to drugs with contractions or relaxations (Adler, Bell & Knox, 1944;Schild, Fitzpatrick & Nixon, 1951;Schofield, 1952;Fitzpatrick, 1957Fitzpatrick, , 1958Najak, Hillier & Karim, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE INNERVATION OF THE RATCERVIX AND ITS PHARMACOLOGY In vitro AND In vivo

Hollingsworth

1974

British J Pharmacology

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1Contractions of the rat cervix and uterine horns were measured both in vitro and in vivo as changes in luminal perfusion pressure during perfusion at constant flow. 2 Spontaneous cervical and uterine horn contractions in vitro were reduced from rats pre-treated with 1701-oestradiol compared to those ovariectomized only or those pre-treated with 1703-oestradiol plus progesterone.3 The rat cervix exhibited similar in vitro sensitivities to methacholine, oxytocin, isoprenaline and phenylephrine as did the uterine horns. 4 Transmural stimulation produced cervical and uterine horn contractions, which were blocked by hyoscine or tetrodotoxin, suggesting a cholinergic motor innervation. This was supported by histological findings. 5In vivo, the injections of propranolol (1.9 x 10-7mol/kg) or pempidine (3.2 or 6.4 x 10-6 mol/kg) were followed by large cervical and smaller uterine horn contractions, suggesting an adrenergic inhibitory tone mediated by 3-adrenoceptors. 6 The evidence for a cervical sphincter is discussed.

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“…Previous experiments on the uterine innervation have been reviewed by Reynolds (1949) and Marshall & Chassar Moir (1952). The nerves contain myomotor and vasomotor efferent fibres which leave the spinal cord in the lumbar roots and travel to the pelvic plexus in the hypogastric nerve (Langley & Anderson, 1895 a;Schofield, 1952). They also contain afferent fibres from mechano-receptors in the uterus and broad ligament (Bower, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of spontaneous and evoked action potentials recorded from the rabbit's uterine nerves

Bower¹

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A method is described for recording in vivo the action potentials of afferent and efferent fibres in whole nerves supplying the rabbit's uterus.2. Examination of these nerves under the light microscope and the electron microscope showed them to be composed almost entirely of nonmyelinated fibres.3. Two types of spontaneous action potential were observed; one travelled at about 4 m/sec and probably came from the myelinated fibres, the other travelled at 0-4-1-4 m/sec and certainly came from nonmyelinated fibres.4. The efferent fibre spikes were shown to be faster and higher than the spikes from uterine afferent fibres, but slower and smaller than spikes from broad ligament afferent fibres.5. Apart from differences in conduction velocity and height, all spikes were basically similar, lasting about 1-5 msec. The height was related to the square of the velocity. Some more complex spikes were also observed.6. The compound action potential evoked by stimulation of the uterine nerve had three peaks, conducted at 1-3, 0-8 and 0-6 m/sec, respectively, and thought to correspond to the fast afferent fibres, the efferent fibres and the slow afferent fibres, respectively. There were also some late peaks due to refiexion of the antidromic action potentials from the ganglion cells.7. Stimulation of the hypogastric nerve also evoked a compound action potential in the uterine nerves. Stimulation of the pelvic nerves had no effect.8. By means of ganglion blocking agents, the uterine ganglia were shown to lie in the pelvic plexus, peripheral to the hypogastric nerve, but central to the uterine nerves.9. It is argued that the spontaneous action potentials came from individual fibres rather than Remak bundles, and that the recording technique used detected the activity of all but the smallest fibres.

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The innervation of the cervix and cornu uteri in the rabbit

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Responses of the Isolated Sympathetic Nerve‐ductus Deferens Preparation of the Guinea‐pig

Responses of the Isolated Sympathetic Nerve‐ductus Deferens Preparation of the Guinea‐pig

THE INNERVATION OF THE RATCERVIX AND ITS PHARMACOLOGY In vitro AND In vivo

The characteristics of spontaneous and evoked action potentials recorded from the rabbit's uterine nerves

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