THE INNERVATION OF THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS (VIII–XI) OF THE DESERT LOCUST,SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA

Abstract

The innervation of a pregenital, the genital, and postgenital segments of the male and female of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskäl) is described in detail and is compared with other orders of the Insecta.

On the Origin of Grasshopper Oviposition Behavior: Structural Homology in Pregenital and Genital Motor Systems

“…More than 218 adult animals were used for backfill studies, additional embryos and larvae were used for scanning electron microscopy, and many adults were also dissected to analyze nerve branching patterns and muscle anatomy. Anatomical nomenclature was based on Snodgrass [1935], Albrecht [1953], Seabrooke [1968], and Thompson [1986a]. For the present study, we focused on abdominal segments A4 to A7 in males and A4 to A6 in females.…”

“…the first internal lateral, 1 of 2 pairs of expiratory muscles (see table 1 ). A small oblique muscle found in the tergal fold, the lateral external dorsal muscle is also not found in females and, depending upon the species, may be missing in males; compare Seabrooke [1968] and Snodgrass [1935]. In addition, 5 more pregenital muscles are not found in the female segment A8 [Snodgrass, 1935].…”

“…An earlier publication by Seabrooke [1968] described the innervation of abdominal muscles in locusts, S. gregaria. Suggestively, the innervation pattern of ovipositor muscles appeared to match the innervation pattern of pregenital body wall muscles that were thought to be missing in the eighth abdominal segment of females.…”

Efferent neurons and specialization of abdominal segments in grasshoppers

“…For anatomic studies, more than 200 animals were used, and physiological recordings were taken from 56 animals. The works of Snodgrass (1935) and Seabrooke (1968) provided a guide to the neuromuscular anatomy of the grasshopper abdomen. Nomenclature of abdominal muscles and functional anatomy are after Snodgrass (1935) and Thompson (1986a).…”

Brain Control of Mating Behavior in the Male Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer: Excitatory Control of Copulatory Actions

“…In contrast, the genital structure and function have received little attention. Some gross anatomical studies on the genital organs (Walker, 1922;Snodgrass, 1937;Qadri, 1940;Choperd, 1951;Randell, 1964) and their innervation (Seabrook, 1968;Guthrie and Tindall, 1968) have been published for orthopteran insects, but observations of genital movements and coordination are scanty. The main reason is possibly due to the fact that the small and complex genital organs are difficult to observe from outside because they are in close contact during copulation.…”