The ins and outs of adrenergic signaling

Abstract

Adrenergic signaling, in particular signaling in the sympathetic nervous system, is a prime example of the control of an essential physiological system. It has served as a model system both for the control of mediator release and for receptor signaling and regulation. This review covers the historical development of the field and then addresses issues that represent key fields of ongoing research: the mechanisms and kinetics of receptor activation, temporal patterns of downstream signaling and signal bias, receptor mobility and aggregation, and signal compartmentation and specificity. The available evidence suggests that adrenergic signaling may involve complex spatiotemporal patterns, which give texture to the signaling process and may contain additional biological information.

Transcriptomic Validation of the Protective Effects of Aqueous Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

“…Similarly, adrenergic signaling plays a major role in cardiovascular function and diseases. The mechanisms of adrenoceptor activation, its downstream targets, its signal specificity versus bias and receptor dynamics have been extensively studied for understanding the role of adrenergic system in cardiovascular pathophysiology (Lohse, 2015). Also, the cross talk between adrenergic signaling and that by other receptor viz., insulin, EGF and TGFβ play a critical role in cardiovascular function (Saha et al, 2012;Heger et al, 2016;Fu et al, 2017;Mohan et al, 2017).…”

Aquaporin 8 is involved in H2O2‐mediated differential regulation of metabolic signaling by α1‐ and β‐adrenoceptors in hepatocytes

“…6). However, the subsequent steps in the signaling cascade are continuously being explored; for example, biased agonism [41], molecular dynamics through allosteric nanobodies [42], and possible short‐lived intermediates [43] are among those steps.…”

“…On the other hand, β‐ARs are coupled to G s ‐AC‐cAMP‐PKA [40,43], where H 2 O 2 blocked the well‐known stimulation of metabolic pathways (gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ureagenesis) produced by β‐AR activation (Table 1). This last reinforces our previously reported negative crosstalk between α 1 ‐ARs and β‐ARs [5].…”

ORM Promotes Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Accumulation via CCR5-Activated AMPK Pathway in Mice

“…C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) belongs to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (Lee et al, 2014 ), which contain seven transmembrane helices and transmit signals from extracellular signals to intracellular pathways through heterotrimeric G-proteins (de Munnik et al, 2015 ; Lohse, 2015 ). CCR5 is involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune response and also functions as a coreceptor for HIV to enter into cells.…”