The Intensification of Gender-Related Role Expectations during Early Adolescence

Hill, John P.; Lynch, Mary Ellen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0354-9_10

Cited by 904 publications

(825 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

740

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These perceptions, in turn, affected the likelihood of current depression in girls, with the negative perceptions serving as risk factors and the positive perceptions serving as protective factors. The mediation findings are consistent with gender intensification theory (Hill & Lynch, 1983) which posits that boys and girls are increasingly socialized to be different from each other in adolescence. It is possible that adolescent girls are increasingly socialized to have more negative perceptions regarding their achievement, physical appearance, and global self-worth, which increases their risk of depression, but they are also socialized to value their relationships with parents and peers more, serving to somewhat reduce their depression risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Researchers have proposed that the emergence of the sex difference in adolescence is in part due to a developmental trend for girls to increasingly value relationships at this time, making them increasingly vulnerable to interpersonal difficulties (see Cyranowski, Frank, Young, & Shear, 2000;Rudolph, 2002, for reviews of evidence in favor of this perspective; see Nolen-Hoeksema & Girgus, 1994, for a contrasting view). This line of research draws upon the gender intensification theory of adolescent development (Hill & Lynch, 1983), which describes increased social pressure to conform to stereotypically male and female roles. Indeed, gender intensification can be described by both moderation and mediation models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

Eberhart

Shih

Hammen

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined sex differences in risk factors associated with adolescent depression in a large sample of boys and girls. Moderation and mediation explanatory models of the sex difference in likelihood of depression were examined. Findings indicate that the factors associated with depression in adolescent boys and girls are quite similar. All of the variables considered were associated with depression, but sex did not moderate the impact of vulnerability factors on likelihood of depression diagnosis. However, negative self-perceptions in the domains of achievement, global self-worth, and physical appearance partially mediated the relationship between sex and depression. Further, girls had higher levels of positive self-perceptions in interpersonal domains that acted as suppressors and reduced the likelihood of depression in girls. These findings suggest that girls' higher incidence of depression is due in part to their higher levels of negative self-perceptions, whereas positive interpersonal factors serve to protect them from depressive episodes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

Eberhart

Shih

Hammen

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As Hill and Lynch (1983) pointed out in their gender intensification hypothesis, the developmental trajectories of boys and girls would be divergent as a consequence of the convergence of a series of biological, social and cognitive factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Contextual Factors Related to Internalizing Problems During Adolescence

Oliva

Jiménez

Reina

2014

Child Youth Care Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Social influences may have unique effects on sex-typed processes or may augment sex differences elicited by biological factors. According to the gender intensification theory (Hill & Lynch, 1983), the physical changes of puberty prompt socialization agents to increase pressure for sex-typed behavior.To highlight this developmental perspective, in our review of research we carefully examine the extent to which sex differences in key relationship processes change with age. In our speculative model we consider how these developmental changes may affect sex differences in emotional and behavioral development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys.

Rose

Rudolph

2006

Psychological Bulletin

2,036

157

1,831

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theory and research on sex differences in adjustment focus largely on parental, societal, and biological influences. However, it also is important to consider how peers contribute to girls' and boys' development. This paper provides a critical review of sex differences in: several peerrelationship processes, including behavioral and social-cognitive styles, stress and coping, and relationship provisions. Based on this review, a speculative peer-socialization model is presented that considers the implications of these sex differences for girls' and boys' emotional and behavioral development. Central to this model is the idea that sex-linked relationship processes have costs and benefits for girls' and boys' adjustment. Finally, we present recent research testing certain model components and propose approaches for testing understudied aspects of the model. Keywordspeer relationships; sex differences; emotional adjustment; behavioral adjustment From a very early age, significant differences are found in the peer relationships of girls and boys. What are the potential implications of this consistent pattern of sex differences for youth? The purpose of the present paper is to review, synthesize, and critique existing research concerning the presence of sex differences in several key aspects of youths' relationships, particularly in the peer group context. Based on this critical review, we then introduce a speculative model concerning the influence of sex differences in these peer relationship processes on the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Finally, this review and speculative model are used as a springboard for identifying critical future directions for research on sex differences in relationships processes and associated developmental outcomes.We focus on sex differences in three major domains of relationship processes: relationship style-including both behavioral and social-cognitive components, stress and coping processes, and emotional provisions in relationships. Several factors determined our selection of these relationship processes for inclusion in our review. The overarching goal of this review is to generate ideas about the influence of sex differences in relationship processes on well-being in girls and boys. Thus, we focused in general on relationship Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Amanda J. Rose, 210 McAlester Hall, Department of Psychology, University of Columbia, Missouri 65211, RoseA@missouri.edu NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript processes that we hypothesized would have potential implications for understanding sex differences in emotional and behavioral development. With this goal in mind, we used three criteria to select specific dimensions for review. First, we focus on relationship processes that are emphasized in existing theoretical models of sex differences in relationships (e.g., Burhmester, 1996;Cross & Madson, 1997;Helgeson, 1994;Maccoby, 1990; NolenHoeksema & Girgus, 1994). Second, we ...

show abstract

The Intensification of Gender-Related Role Expectations during Early Adolescence

Cited by 904 publications

References 30 publications

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

Personal and Contextual Factors Related to Internalizing Problems During Adolescence

A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About