The Interaction between Human Papillomavirus Proteins and Cytoskeletal Filaments

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Kandemır

Köktürk

et al. 2021

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causal factor of cervical carcinoma. HPV 16 is one of the most prominent oncogenic types. We aimed to evaluate the cytomorphometric and morphological alterations caused by HPV 16 in liquid‐based cytology (LBC).MethodsThe Cobas 4800 HPV system was used for the detecting and typing HPV DNA in cervical specimens. In this study, 30 HPV 16 positive and 30 HPV 16 negative cervical samples were evaluated for micronuclei (MN), nonclassical cytologic abnormalities, and the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated using image analysis software and the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm ratio was calculated. All analyses were performed blinded to the patients' HPV status. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the χ2 and Fisher test; P‐values < .05 were considered significant.ResultsThe frequencies of micronucleated cells and koilocytes were higher in the HPV 16 infected group (P < .05). Cells with perinuclear halo in control group were higher than the HPV 16 infected group (P < .05). The mean nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm ratio in HPV 16 patients was higher than the control value, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionLBC can be used to detect morphological and morphometric changes. HPV 16 induces the formation of MN and koilocytosis. The evaluation of MN could provide additional information in monitoring genomic instability and of koilocytes could provide information about damage to the cytoskeleton filaments in HPV infection. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of HPV‐18 and other high‐risk HPV types on the cell size and nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm ratio.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomorphometry and morphology analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 in liquid‐based cervical cytology samples

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Kandemır

Köktürk

et al. 2021

“…The genesis of cellular changes is somewhat puzzling. [ 13 ] Karyorrhectic cells thus appear to have no nucleus. It is possible that they represent a very late stage in the cell death process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14 ] It is possible that the disruption of cell skeletal filaments also induces binucleation, and perinuclear halo which is a clear area around the nucleus formation. [ 13 ] Type 1 diabetes leads to cytoskeleton changes. Insulin has been suggested to play a key regulatory role in the functional organization of actin microfilaments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nuclear morphometric and morphological analysis of exfoliated buccal and tongue dorsum cells in type-1 diabetic patients

Bektaş

Battal³

et al. 2014

J Cytol

Background:Diabetes mellitus type 1 that results from immunologically mediated damage to the β-cells in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurrent or persistent hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be associated with salivary gland dysfunction and alterations in the oral epithelial cells.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in buccal and tongue dorsum epithelial cells using an exfoliative cytology method in type 1 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods:We performed light microscopic analysis of the buccal and tongue dorsum smears in thirty type 1 diabetic patients and thirty healthy individuals. The oral smears were stained using Papanicolaou method for cytological examination and nuclear morphometric analysis. In each case, the mean nuclear area, perimeter, length, breadth, and roundness factor were evaluated in each smear using the image analysis software (Q Win, Leica™).Results:The nuclear area, length, breadth, and perimeters were significantly higher in the diabetic group from tongue dorsum smear than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In the cytological examination, karyorrhexis-karyolysis-karyopyknosis, binucleation, nuclear membrane irregularity, cytoplasmic polymorphism, perinuclear halo were observed in oral smears with type 1 diabetic patients. Binucleation (P = 0.002) and nuclear membrane irregularity (P = 0.024) were significantly more common in buccal smears of diabetic group. Furthermore, the sensitivity of buccal mucosa was significantly higher in the diabetic group (P = 0.006).Conclusion:The light microscopic and nuclear morphometric study indicates that type 1 diabetes can produce morphological and nuclear morphometric changes in the oral mucosa that are noticeable with exfoliative cytology.

“…It is possible that the disruption of cell skeletal filaments also induces some cellular formation such as binucleation and perinuclear halo. Binucleation formation may be the indicator of failed cytokinesis following the last nuclear division [19]. Hatch et al [20] highlighted that MN frequently undergo irreversible nuclear envelope collapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomorphometric and Morphological Analysis in Women with <b><i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i></b> Infection: Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Cervical Epithelial Cells

Gün²,

Gün³

et al. 2015

Acta Cytologica

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the cytomorphometric and morphological effects of Trichomonas vaginalis in exfoliated epithelial cells. Study Design: Ninety-six Pap-stained cervical smears were divided into a study group and two control groups as follows: T. vaginalis cases, a first control group with inflammation, and a second control group without inflammation. Micronucleated, binucleated, karyorrhectic, karyolytic, and karyopyknotic cells and cells with perinuclear halos per 1,000 epithelial cells were counted. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated in 70 clearly defined cells in each smear using image analysis. Results: The frequencies of morphological parameters in the T. vaginalis cases were higher than the values of the two control groups, and the difference among groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of epithelial cells were diminished in patients with trichomoniasis. The mean nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in T. vaginalis patients was higher than the value in the control groups, and the difference between the study group and control group 1 was significant. However, there was no statistically significant increase between the study group and control group 2. Conclusions:T. vaginalis exhibited significant changes in the cellular size and nuclear structure of the cells. The rising frequency of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities, and changing nucleus/cytoplasm ratio may reflect genotoxic damage in trichomoniasis.