The Interaction Chronograph as an Instrument for Objective Measurement of Interaction Patterns During Interviews

Matarazzo, Joseph D.; Saslow, George; Matarazzo, Ruth G.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1956.9713009

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In answering this question, we initially employed Chapple's Interaction Chronograph and the ten speech variables that it generated (Matarazzo et al, 1956). However, a subsequent factor analysis (Matarazzo, Saslow, & Hare, 1958) revealed that many of these ten variables were redundant, and that two variables (speech and silence durations), and possibly a third (a speaker's interruption of his partner or similar "maladjustment" in synchrony), more than adequately recorded what previously had required ten separate measures.…”

Section: Description Of the Scoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language in Psychotherapy

Russell¹

1987

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Section: Description Of the Scoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language in Psychotherapy

Russell¹

1987

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“…While the study of talk and silence patterns in monologues and dialogues has had a long history, stretching back to the work of Chapple (1940), only a few researchers have had the technology necessary to contribute to this history. Since Chapple's comprehensive program, studies by Matarazzo and his associates (Matarazzo, Saslow, & Matarazzo, 1956;Matarazzo, Weitman, Saslow, & Wiens, 1963), Goldman-Eisler (1968), and Jaffe and Feldstein (1 970) have rekindled interest in and advanced the study of talk and silence patterns. The foci of these studies center on three concerns: (1) consistency or reliability of talk and silence parameters, (2) factors which can modify observed consistencies, and (3) representation of the sequential character of talk and silence patterns.…”

Section: Previous Literature On Talk and Silence Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent research in more controlled interview settings (Matarazzo, Weitman, Saslow, & Wiens, 1963) shows that interviewers can induce and extinguish longer and shorter durations of single speech units in interviewees simply by increasing or decreasing the length of their own speech durations. Similar influence by interviewers on interviewees has beenobserved for latency times (i.e., switching pauses; Matarazzo & Wiens, 1967) and for speech rate (measured as the number of syllables divided by phonation time; Webb, 1972).…”

Section: Partner Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talk-Silence Sequences in Informal Conversations I

Cappella

1979

Human Comm Res

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The literature relevant to talk and silence sequences in informal social conversations is reviewed in terms of individual consistency in talk and silence across and within conversations, the factors which can modify talk and silence consistencies, and the influence of partners' talk and silence behaviors on the other's response. The review leads to the postulation of four models of talk-silence sequences of increasing complexity and decreasing parsimony. The Markov model describes within-conversation sequences; the Independent Decision (ID) model describes across-conversation sequences under the assumptions of perfect consistency and independence of action; the Incremental model relaxes the consistency assumption of the ID model; the Regulation model relaxes both assumptions of the ID model, incorporating the possibility of mutual influence between partners rather than independence.The structure of informal conversations can be approached from diverse perspectives and with diverse purposes in mind. The present research approaches conversations by focusing exclusively on objective measures of talk and silence and their sequential structure. This orientation is adopted for two reasons: numerous social impressions are based on simple indices of talk and silence behavior, and talk and silence sequences are among the most fundamental aspects of human interaction upon which all other behaviors are written.Recent summaries of the literature (Hayes & Meltzer, 1972;Lustig, 1977) pay strong tribute to the effects of mere talk and silence variables in interpersonal and small-group situations. As Lustig (1977) notes: Talkative persons were found to be more productive (Norfleet, 1948), more task-oriented (Strodtbeck &

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“…The few attempts at programmatic research have relied on various types of technological aids to assist in the recording and analysis of talk and silence activity (Cassotta, Jaffe, & Feldstein, 1964;Chapple, 1949;Matarazzo, Saslow, & Saslow, 1956). The most sophisticated of these was developed and implemented by Jaffe and Feldstein (1970) and their associates (Welkowitz & Martz,Note 2) and is currently operating in the departments of psychology at New York University and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.…”

Section: Theory and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Computer analysis of talk-silence sequences: The FIASSCO system

Cappella

Streibel

1979

Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

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The study of simple talk and silence indices that characterize conversation is limited by the costly, "labor-intensive" character of data collection and analysis. In the face of results demonstrating the significance of these data in interpersonal judgments (Hayes & Meltzer, 1972; Lustig, Note I), more efficient collection, storage, and analysis methods are required. This report describes a hardware and software system, FIASSCO, that collects, stores, and analyzes two-person separate-channel audio-recorded conversations for various indices of talk and silence. Data output are both continuous and discrete measures in time sequence. Further, data on the validity and reliability of FIASSCO output are provided along with sample analyses of computer results.This report presents a computer-assisted method of coding and analyzing sound-silence patterns in dyadic relationships. Specifically. it details the procedures used at the University of Wisconsin's Center for Communication Research for automatically recording, digitizing, storing, and analyzing the sound-silence patterns that are found in dyadic communication. These procedures have been developed as an integrated research approach by utilizing the potential of the center's PDP·12 computer. A discussion of how the various programs analyze a sample dyad and a reliability test of these analyses are presented. THEORY AND RATIONALEIt is reasonable to ask if the intensive study of simple, naked behaviors such as talk and silence is likely to offer any practical insight into interpersonal communication situations. An extensive review of the literature on simple talk and silence indices by Lustig (Note 1) produces the following: Talkative persons are more productive (Norfleet, 1948), more task oriented

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The Interaction Chronograph as an Instrument for Objective Measurement of Interaction Patterns During Interviews

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Language in Psychotherapy

Language in Psychotherapy

Talk-Silence Sequences in Informal Conversations I

Computer analysis of talk-silence sequences: The FIASSCO system

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