The Interaction of Polysaccharides with Silver Hill Illite

Gu, Baohua; Doner, H. E.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1992.0400203

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While other studies have demonstrated that purified soil constituents can adsorb and potentially affect the subsequent degradation of chemicals, most of these studies have not been performed under typical soil solution conditions with intact soil communities. Commonly, the adsorption and desorption of chemicals is examined in dilute solutions of the soil constituent, which do not represent the typical soil solutions or soil water activity (a,) (6,12,31,38,39,41). The unique value of this study is that mineralization of chemicals in known environmental forms was measured under realistic aw conditions, at which the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of a natural soil were largely preserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mineral and Organic Soil Constituents on Microbial Mineralization of Organic Compounds in a Natural Soil

Knaebel

Federle

McAvoy

et al. 1994

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This research addressed the effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on the fate of organic compounds in soils. Specifically, it sought to determine how the associations between organic chemicals and different soil constituents affect their subsequent biodegradation in soil. Four "C-labeled surfactants were aseptically adsorbed to montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, sand, and humic acids. These complexes were mixed with a woodlot soil, and "4CO2 production was measured over time. The mineralization data were fitted to various

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mineral and Organic Soil Constituents on Microbial Mineralization of Organic Compounds in a Natural Soil

Knaebel

Federle

McAvoy

et al. 1994

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The humic acid (HA) sample was isolated from a local soil (Gu and Doner, 1992). It was purified with a mixture of 0.1 M HCI and 0.1 M HF,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microstructure of Dilute Clay and Humic Acid Suspensions Revealed by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy

Doner

1992

Clays and clay miner.

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Direct observation of the structural organization of dilute clay and humic acid (HA) suspensions has not been reported, probably because of the difficulties and problems associated with the sample preparation procedures. To date, most electron micrographs of clay and HA samples are those of samples that had been air-dried or freeze-dried (Sides and Barden, 1971 ;Chen and Schnitzer, 1989;Stawinski et al., 1990). No doubt, the structural features of clays and HA revealed by those studies differ significantly from the original structure in suspension, due to artifacts of the drying processes. Although the method of freeze-drying is less disruptive than air-drying, slow cooling rates and lack of a cold stage during freeze-drying often lead to unacceptable distortions of the suspension structure due to water crystallization.A freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) technique can minimize the distortion. Attia et al. (1987) indicated that the FFEM method produced fewer artifacts than did freeze-drying, air-drying, or gel substitution of samples, and provided high-resolution imaging of structured colloidal systems. In essence, the FFEM technique is a means of preparing "wet" materials for examination in the electron microscope without the need for drying procedures. By this method, a sample is frozen extremely rapidly (about 104 K/s) to vitrify water (Zasadzinski and Bailey, 1989). This rapid phase change is accompanied by much smaller ice crystals than those produced by slower freezing, and therefore the possible damage to colloid structure is minimized. The FFEM technique has been widely used in the preparation of biological materials and polymer colloids for electron microscopy (Attia et al., 1987;Zasadzinski et al., 1987;Abeysekera et aL, 1990;Disanayaka et al., 1990). However, it has received much less attention in the characterization of soil/clay dispersion-flocculation studies. This study was undertaken to explore the structural arrangements and dimensions of dilute clay and HA suspensions. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe <2-um fractions ofNa-illite (IMt-1, Silver Hill, Montana) and of Na-montmorillonite (SWy-1, Crook County, Wyoming) were prepared as described by Gu and Doner (1990). The humic acid (HA) sample was isolated from a local soil (Gu and Doner, 1992). It was purified with a mixture of 0.1 M HCI and 0.1 M HF,

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“…This can take place either directly or through a water bridge (Gu and Doner, 1992). Given the affinity of alginate for calcium ions and the previously described 'egg-box' crosslinking mechanism, it is likely that the presence of Ca 2+ ions could help to create electrostatic bridges between the anionic part of the polymer and the clay surface (Yalçın et al, 2002).…”

Section: Alginate As An Additive For Unfired Masonrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed biopolymers as additives for unfired clay bricks

2016

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Unfired clay bricks are an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional masonry materials such as fired bricks and concrete blocks but their use is currently limited by their relatively poor mechanical and durability properties. While products like cement and lime are commonly added to earthen materials in an effort to improve their physical performance, these additives can also have a negative influence on the overall environmental impact. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of alginate, a natural and renewable biopolymer obtained from brown seaweeds, as an admixture for unfired clay blocks. A total of 5 different alginates have been investigated and combined with 3 soil compositions to create prototype specimens which have then been characterised and compared in relation to flexural and compressive strength, microstructure, abrasive strength and hygroscopic behaviour. The results demonstrate that improvements in mechanical strength are dependent on the type of alginate used and the composition of the soil. The greatest increase in compressive strength is achieved using an alginate sourced from the Laminaria Hyperborea seaweed and offers a value more than double that of the equivalent control specimen. Increases in the alginate dosage do not necessarily lead to an increase in strength suggesting that there is an optimum concentration at which strength improvement is most effective.

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The Interaction of Polysaccharides with Silver Hill Illite

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Mineral and Organic Soil Constituents on Microbial Mineralization of Organic Compounds in a Natural Soil

Effect of Mineral and Organic Soil Constituents on Microbial Mineralization of Organic Compounds in a Natural Soil

The Microstructure of Dilute Clay and Humic Acid Suspensions Revealed by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy

Seaweed biopolymers as additives for unfired clay bricks

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