The interactive effects of transportation and lairage time on welfare indicators, carcass and meat quality traits in slaughter pigs

Čobanović, Nikola; Василев, Драган; Dimitrijević, Miodrag; Teodorović, Vlado; Parunović, Nenad; Betic, N; Karabasil, Nedjeljko

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012049

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is because pigs are inevitably exposed to handling, loading, transportation, unloading, adverse weather conditions, mixing with unfamiliar animals, and physical and emotional stress owing to the new accommodation [6]. Preslaughter stress influences body homeostasis and metabolism, resulting in alterations in the physiometabolic blood profile (electrolytes, hormones, metabolites, and enzymes), subsequently decreasing carcass and meat quality [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Čobanović

Stankovic²,

Dimitrijević

et al. 2020

Animals

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This study assessed the potential use of various physiological stress biomarkers as indicators of carcass and meat quality traits in 240 pigs subjected to the standard marketing conditions and minimal stressful antemortem handling using Pearson correlations. The most important pork quality traits (pH and temperature, water holding capacity, and color) had limited correlations with stress metabolites (lactate, glucose), stress hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone), stress enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase), electrolytes (sodium, chloride), and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin), indicating poor reliability in predicting pork quality. Albumin level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness. Alanine amino transferase level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, and cold carcass weight. Cortisol level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness, and moderately negatively correlated with the lean carcass content. Increased lactate dehydrogenase level was moderately correlated with decreased drip and cooking loss. In conclusion, lactate dehydrogenase could help pork producers predict pork quality variation, while cortisol, alanine amino transferase, and albumin could be useful in prediction of carcass quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Čobanović

Stankovic²,

Dimitrijević

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…This finding is further supported by the finding that the highest levels of stress enzymes creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase are recorded in pigs slaughtered in winter and summer [ 14 , 80 ]. Also, under cold stress conditions, pigs exhibit huddling (overlap) behavior to create a warmer climate and conserve body energy, increasing their ability to withstand cold temperatures during transport [ 50 , 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs

An¹,

Kim²,

Song³

et al. 2023

J Anim Sci Technol

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There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport.Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature (LT), under 10°C; normal temperature (NT), 10-24°C; high temperature (HT), upper 24°C), and loading density (low density (LD), upper 0.43 m2/100 kg; normal density (ND), 0.37-0.43 m2/100 kg; high density (HD), under 0.37 m2/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.

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“…Consequently, transportation could cause stress to pigs in different degrees, varying from mild discomfort to extreme distress (and even death), which induce behavioural, haematological, physiological and neurohormonal changes [5]. Any period of transportation, especially under poor conditions, was associated with irregular behavioural reactions, hypercortisolemia, hyperglycaemia, alterations in red and white blood cell parameters and electrolytes, increases in concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), oxidative stress products and acute phase proteins [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Moreover, when inadequate transport conditions are combined with a genetic mutation of pigs that carry the recessive ryanodine receptor (RYR-1) gene (n), the aforementioned stressful factors can trigger more severe metabolic alterations known as porcine stress syndrome [5,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Transport Conditions on the Welfare of Slaughter Pigs with Different Health Status and RYR-1 Genotype

Čobanović,

Čalović,

Suvajdžić

et al. 2024

Animals

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This study assessed the influence of transport conditions on welfare indicators of slaughter pigs with different health status and RYR-1 genotype. The group of pigs, predominantly consisting of Nn (56.67%) and subclinically diseased (60.00%) individuals, that were exposed to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the highest slipping (p < 0.0001), falling (p = 0.0009), turning back (p < 0.0001), reluctance to move (p < 0.0001), panting (p < 0.0001) and shivering (p < 0.0001) frequencies at unloading. Subclinically diseased Nn pigs subjected to short transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the highest lactate (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0484), AST (p = 0.0208 and p = 0.0170), ALT (p = 0.0500 and p = 0.00081), ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) and MDA (p = 0.0048 and p < 0.0001) concentrations, but the lowest sodium (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432), albumin (p < 0.0090 and p < 0.0001), PON-1 (p = 0.0122 and p = 0.0500) and GSH (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0340) levels, respectively. In the group consisting of of stress-resistant (100%) and predominantly healthy (60.00%) pigs subjected to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2), none of the individuals showed irregular behavioural reactions during unloading. Healthy NN pigs that underwent short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the lowest lactate (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0484) and ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) levels, but the highest sodium (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432) concentrations, respectively. In conclusion, the most compromised welfare was recorded in subclinically diseased Nn pigs exposed to short transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2), while under the same conditions, the welfare of healthy NN pigs was not compromised. Therefore, stress-carrier pigs with subclinical pathological lesions should not be considered fit for transportation, indicating that the health status and genotype are the key factors for optimising pig welfare.

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The interactive effects of transportation and lairage time on welfare indicators, carcass and meat quality traits in slaughter pigs

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs

Consequences of Transport Conditions on the Welfare of Slaughter Pigs with Different Health Status and RYR-1 Genotype

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