The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma

Bombay, Amy; Matheson, Kimberly; Anisman, Hymie

doi:10.1177/1363461513503380

Cited by 374 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, evidence has found that children of residential school attendees have higher rates of substance abuse and depressive symptoms. 20,21 Therefore, the history of Canadian residential schools should be part of a curriculum describing the current health issues of Aboriginal people in northern Ontario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern perspectives on medical elective tourism: a qualitative study

et al. 2016

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Background:The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada recognizes education to be necessary for doctors to provide culturally safe care. Communities in northern Canada have large populations of Aboriginal people and other marginalized groups. Our goal was to identify the elements of appropriate predeparture curricula for these medical trainees. Methods:We conducted our study in Kenora, Ontario. With the help of a core collaborative group and the support of the local Aboriginal Health Access Centre, we interviewed a purposive sample of community members about their interactions with trainees from southern Canada. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers with roots in northern and southern Canada brought perspectives to the inductive analysis. Results:We conducted 17 semistructured interviews between February and March 2014. Participants felt that southern trainees were inadequately educated in northern politics, society and history. They identified 2 more themes: determinants of health affecting the local Aboriginal population, and provider and patient factors affecting delivery of culturally competent care. Participants also shared ideas on how best to implement this content into curricula.Interpretation: Providing culturally competent care to northern communities is a complex process requiring education. Using a collaborative method, we were able to delineate the experiences of members of a northern community and identify knowledge gaps of southern trainees travelling there. Our results provide a foundation for the content and structure of formal predeparture curricula to enable such trainees to provide culturally safe care. Abstract Research Research CMAJ OPEN E278CMAJ OPEN 4(2)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern perspectives on medical elective tourism: a qualitative study

et al. 2016

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“…relations with beings in the physical and spiritual realms). In the last several generations, these processes have been interrupted by enforced legislative and social change (Bombay, Matheson, & Anisman, 2014;Canada, 1996Canada, , 2012Ross, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Abuse of power in relationships and sexual health

Gesink

Whiskeyjack

Suntjens

et al. 2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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STI rates are high for First Nations in Canada and the United States. Our objective was to understand the context, issues, and beliefs around high STI rates from a nêhiyaw (Cree) perspective. Twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 community participants between March 1, 2011 and May 15, 2011. Interviews were conducted by community researchers and grounded in the Cree values of relationship, sharing, personal agency and relational accountability. A diverse purposive snowball sample of community members were asked why they thought STI rates were high for the community. The remainder of the interview was unstructured, and supported by the interviewer through probes and sharing in a conversational style. Modified grounded theory was used to analyze the narratives and develop a theory. The main finding from the interviews was that abuse of power in relationships causes physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wounds that disrupt the medicine wheel. Wounded individuals seek medicine to stop suffering and find healing. Many numb suffering by accessing temporary medicines (sex, drugs and alcohol) or permanent medicines (suicide). These medicines increase the risk of STIs. Some seek healing by participating in ceremony and restoring relationships with self, others, Spirit/religion, traditional knowledge and traditional teachings. These medicines decrease the risk of STIs. Younger female participants explained how casual relationships are safer than committed monogamous relationships. Resolving abuse of power in relationships should lead to improvements in STI rates and sexual health.

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“…5 For example, higher rates of depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and childhood abuse and neglect are reported among adults with a parent or grandparent who attended an Indian residential school in Canada (termed IRS offspring) than in those whose parents and grandparents did not. [6][7][8] The IRS offspring reported greater depressive symptoms associated with stressors, such as childhood adversity, adult trauma and perceived discrimination, suggesting an enhanced sensitivity to such stressors. 6 Additional challenges include higher rates of illicit and prescription drug use and abuse that have been observed among Aboriginal youth and adults compared with non-Aboriginal Canadian populations.…”

Section: Current Challenges and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%