The interplay between (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and Aspergillus niger RAF106, an EGCG-biotransforming fungus derived from Pu-erh tea

Liu, Tong; Zhou, Gang; Du, Minru; Zhang, Xiao; Zhou, Shuhua; Chen, Guojun; Liao, Zhenlin; Qin, Zhong; Wang, Li; Xu, Xin‐Ya; Fang, Xiang; Wang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114678

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition, changes in mycelial morphology are often associated with the production of metabolites during submerged fermentation. For example, dispersed mycelium is preferred for the production of gluconic acid and enzymes such as amylases, pectinases, fructofuranosidase, and proteases, whereas the pellet form is desirable for the production of citric acid and oxalate in A. niger [ 14 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Accompanied by the formation of more compact pellets, the silencing of chsC expression in A. niger improved the accumulation of citric acid during submerged fermentation [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger

Zhu,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

JoF

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Chitin synthases (CHSs) are vital enzymes for the synthesis of chitin and play important and differential roles in fungal development, cell wall integrity, environmental adaptation, virulence, and metabolism in fungi. However, except for ChsC, a class III CHS, little is known about the functions of CHSs in Aspergillus niger, an important fungus that is widely applied in the fermentation industry and food processing, as well as a spoilage fungus of food and a human pathogen. This study showed the important functions of ChsA, a class II CHS, in A. niger using multi-phenotypic and transcriptional analyses under various conditions. The deletion of chsA led to severe defects in conidiation on different media and resulted in the formation of smaller and less compact pellets with less septa in hyphal cells during submerged fermentation. Compared with the WT, the ΔchsA mutants exhibited less chitin content, reduced growth under the stresses of cell wall-disturbing and oxidative agents, more released protoplasts, a thicker conidial wall, decreased production of amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and malic acid, and increased citric acid production. However, ΔchsA mutants displayed insignificant changes in their sensitivity to osmotic agents and infection ability on apple. These findings concurred with the alteration in the transcript levels and enzymatic activities of some phenotype-related genes. Conclusively, ChsA is important for cell wall integrity and mycelial morphology, and acts as a positive regulator of conidiation, cellular responses to oxidative stresses, and the production of malic acid and some enzymes, but negatively regulates the citric acid production in A. niger.

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