The interstitial stem cells in Hydractinia and their role in regeneration

Gahan, James M; Bradshaw, Brian; Flici, Hakima; Frank, Uri

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.006

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The main, but not exclusive, cnidarian models are the medusozoan hydrozoans Hydra, Hydractinia, Podocoryna and Clytia (reviewed in Houliston et al, 2010; Galliot, 2012; Plickert et al, 2012; Gahan et al, 2016; Leclère et al, 2016) as well as the anthozoans Nematostella vectensis (reviewed in Layden et al, 2016; Rentzsch and Technau, 2016) and the coral Acropora (Shinzato et al, 2011; Hayward et al, 2015; Okubo et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) hold an informative phylogenetic position for understanding muscle evolution. Here, we review current knowledge on muscle function, diversity, development, regeneration and evolution in cnidarians. Cnidarian muscles are involved in various activities, such as feeding, escape, locomotion and defense, in close association with the nervous system. This variety is reflected in the large diversity of muscle organizations found in Cnidaria. Smooth epithelial muscle is thought to be the most common type, and is inferred to be the ancestral muscle type for Cnidaria, while striated muscle fibers and non-epithelial myocytes would have been convergently acquired within Cnidaria. Current knowledge of cnidarian muscle development and its regeneration is limited. While orthologs of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD have yet to be found in cnidarian genomes, striated muscle formation potentially involves well-conserved myogenic genes, such as twist and mef2. Although satellite cells have yet to be identified in cnidarians, muscle plasticity (e.g., de- and re-differentiation, fiber repolarization) in a regenerative context and its potential role during regeneration has started to be addressed in a few cnidarian systems. The development of novel tools to study those organisms has created new opportunities to investigate in depth the development and regeneration of cnidarian muscle cells and how they contribute to the regenerative process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Cnidarian nervous systems are thought to be highly dynamic and continuously renew from a pool of proliferative progenitors (Galliot et al, 2009). Hydractinia has been used as a stem cell model organism for more than a century (Gahan et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionarily Conserved SoxB-Hdac2 Crosstalk Regulates Neurogenesis in a Cnidarian

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY SoxB transcription factors and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are each major players in the regulation of neurogenesis, but a functional link between them has not been previously demonstrated. Here, we show that SoxB2 and Hdac2 act together to regulate neurogenesis in the cnidarian Hydractinia echinata during tissue homeostasis and head regeneration. We find that misexpression of SoxB genes modifies the number of neural cells in all life stages and interferes with head regeneration. Hdac2 was co-expressed with SoxB2 and its down-regulation phenocopied SoxB2 knockdown. We also show that SoxB2 and Hdac2 promote each other's transcript levels, but Hdac2 counteracts this amplification cycle by deacetylating and destabilizing SoxB2 protein. Finally, we present evidence for conservation of these interactions in human neural progenitors. We hypothesize that crosstalk between SoxB transcription factors and Hdac2 is an ancient feature of metazoan neurogenesis and functions to stabilize the correct levels of these multifunctional proteins.

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“…Research carried out on the sea anemone Nematostella , a member of the cnidarian clade Anthozoa, revealed that embryonic neural progenitors in these animals are epithelial and their numbers are controlled by Notch signaling (Layden and Martindale, 2014; Marlow et al, 2012; Richards and Rentzsch, 2014; Richards and Rentzsch, 2015), similar to their bilaterian counterparts. In hydrozoan cnidarians, however, neurons develop from non-epithelial, migratory stem cells, called i-cells, which are segregated during gastrulation (Gahan et al, 2016; Hager and David, 1997; Leclere et al, 2012; Miljkovic-Licina et al, 2007). Pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling in adult Hydra , a hydrozoan cnidarian, revealed no effect on the numbers of adult neurons (Käsbauer et al, 2007; Khalturin et al, 2007), but this treatment did affect nematocyte differentiation and tentacle development (Käsbauer et al, 2007; Khalturin et al, 2007; Münder et al, 2013), defects that were also observed in Nematostella following pharmacological Notch inhibition (DuBuc et al, 2014; Fritz et al, 2013; Marlow et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To extend the knowledge on Notch signaling in cnidarians we focused on Hydractinia echinata , a hydrozoan that allows experimental access to all life stages (Flici et al, 2017; Gahan et al, 2016) (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional studies on the role of Notch signaling in Hydractinia development

Gahan

Schnitzler

DuBuc

et al. 2017

Developmental Biology

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The function of Notch signaling was previously studied in two cnidarians, Hydra and Nematostella, representing the lineages Hydrozoa and Anthozoa, respectively. Using pharmacological inhibition in Hydra and a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches in Nematostella, it was shown in both animals that Notch is required for tentacle morphogenesis and for late stages of stinging cell maturation. Surprisingly, a role for Notch in neural development, which is well documented in bilaterians, was evident in embryonic Nematostella but not in adult Hydra. Adult neurogenesis in the latter seemed to be unaffected by DAPT, a drug that inhibits Notch signaling. To address this apparent discrepancy we studied the role of Notch in Hydractinia echinata, an additional hydrozoan, in all life stages. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis, transgenesis, and pharmacological interference we show that Notch is dispensable for Hydractinia normal neurogenesis in all life stages but is required for the maturation of stinging cells and for tentacle morphogenesis. Our results are consistent with a conserved role for Notch in morphogenesis and nematogenesis across Cnidaria, and a lineage specific loss of Notch dependence in neurogenesis in hydrozoans.

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The interstitial stem cells in Hydractinia and their role in regeneration

Cited by 58 publications

References 80 publications

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

An Evolutionarily Conserved SoxB-Hdac2 Crosstalk Regulates Neurogenesis in a Cnidarian

Functional studies on the role of Notch signaling in Hydractinia development

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