Abstract:Piezoelectricity, a linear electromechanical coupling, is of great interest due to its extensive applications including energy harvesters, biomedical, sensors, and automobiles.
“…This process is reversible, which means that the materials can be induced to mechanically deform (leading to a change in their dimensions) by applying an electric field (Ciofani and Menciassi 2012 ). Bio-piezoelectricity refers to the widespread existence of piezoelectric phenomena within a variety of biological systems and molecules (Stapleton et al 2016 )(Lay et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
In recent years, smart materials have piqued the interest of scientists and physicians in the biomedical community owing to their ability to modify their properties in response to an external stimulation or changes in their surroundings. Biocompatible piezoelectric materials are an interesting group of smart materials due to their ability to produce electrical charges without an external power source. Electric signals produced by piezoelectric scaffolds can renew and regenerate tissues through special pathways like that found in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes the piezoelectric phenomenon, piezoelectric effects generated within biological tissues, piezoelectric biomaterials, and their applications in tissue engineering and their use as biosensors.
“…This process is reversible, which means that the materials can be induced to mechanically deform (leading to a change in their dimensions) by applying an electric field (Ciofani and Menciassi 2012 ). Bio-piezoelectricity refers to the widespread existence of piezoelectric phenomena within a variety of biological systems and molecules (Stapleton et al 2016 )(Lay et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
In recent years, smart materials have piqued the interest of scientists and physicians in the biomedical community owing to their ability to modify their properties in response to an external stimulation or changes in their surroundings. Biocompatible piezoelectric materials are an interesting group of smart materials due to their ability to produce electrical charges without an external power source. Electric signals produced by piezoelectric scaffolds can renew and regenerate tissues through special pathways like that found in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes the piezoelectric phenomenon, piezoelectric effects generated within biological tissues, piezoelectric biomaterials, and their applications in tissue engineering and their use as biosensors.
“…Indeed, the piezoelectric effect has been observed from diverse biological systems. Since polarization was discovered in wool and hair in 1941, piezoelectricity has been discovered in wood, bone, , tendon, skin, and many other asymmetric biological components. − More importantly, the bioelectricity generated from the piezoelectric effect exerts physiological significance in living systems. − For example, the human tibia generates a 300 μV piezoelectric potential from walking. , The endogenous electric field of living bone influences its remodeling and growth . According to Wolff’s law, bone can adeptly reconstruct in response to subjective stress via deposit and reinforce at areas of immense stress. , Besides, piezoelectric charges in the lung generated during respiration could help bind oxygen to hemoglobin .…”
The piezoelectric effect has been widely observed in biological systems, and its applications in biomedical field are emerging. Recent advances of wearable and implantable biomedical devices bring promise as well as requirements for the piezoelectric materials building blocks. Owing to their biocompatibility, biosafety, and environmental sustainability, natural piezoelectric biomaterials are known as a promising candidate in this emerging field, with a potential to replace conventional piezoelectric ceramics and synthetic polymers. Herein, we provide a thorough review of recent progresses of research on five major types of piezoelectric biomaterials including amino acids, peptides, proteins, viruses, and polysaccharides. Our discussion focuses on their structure-and phaserelated piezoelectric properties and fabrication strategies to achieve desired piezoelectric phases. We compare and analyze their piezoelectric performance and further introduce and comment on the approaches to improve their piezoelectric property. Representative biomedical applications of this group of functional biomaterials including energy harvesting, sensing, and tissue engineering are also discussed. We envision that molecular-level understanding of the piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric response improvement, and large-scale manufacturing are three main challenges as well as research and development opportunities in this promising interdisciplinary field.
“…Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ceramics are commonly used in a wide variety of applications, including transformers, transducers, speakers, electric resonators, filters, memory chips, and tactile displays, among others. [1]. However, these materials typically possess poor mechanical properties, i.e., low flexural strength (σ f ) and low fracture toughness (K IC ).…”
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ceramics are used in numerous advanced applications, including sensors, displays, actuators, resonators, chips; however, the poor mechanical characteristics of these materials severely limits their utility in composite materials. To address this issue, we herein fabricate transgranular type PZT ceramic nanocomposites by a novel method. Thermodynamically metastable single perovskite-type Pb0.99(Zr0.52+xTi0.48)0.98Nb0.02O3+1.96x powders are prepared from a citrate precursor before both monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 80 nm are precipitated in situ at a sintering temperature of 1260 °C. The effects of ZrO2 content on the microstructure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties are investigated and the mechanism, by which ZrO2 toughened PZT is analyzed in detail. The ZrO2 nanoparticles underwent a tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition upon cooling. The fracture mode changed from intergranular to transgranular with increasing ZrO2 content. The incorporation of ZrO2 nanoparticles improved the mechanical and piezoelectric properties. The optimized piezoelectric properties (εT33/ε0 = 1398, tan δ = 0.024 d33 = 354 pC N−1, kp = 0.66 Qm = 78) are obtained when x = 0.02. Tc initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing ZrO2 content. The highest Tc = (387 °C) and lowest εT33/ε0 was obtained at x = 0.01.
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