“…In some cases, production, inventory, and distribution/transportation costs are jointly minimized (AriaNezhad et al, 2013;Seyedhosseini & Ghoreyshi, 2014a, 2014bSeyedhosseini & Ghoreyshi, 2015;Shaabani & Kamalabadi, 2016;Dolgui et al, 2018;Qiu et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2020;Manoucheri et al, 2020;Sinha & Anand, 2020;Dai et al, 2020). When dealing with perishable supply chains, it is common to find cost items associated with the perishable nature of goods: cost of perished goods (AriaNezhad et al, 2013;Chao et al, 2019), cost of waste (Soysal et al, 2015;Rafie-Majd et al, 2018;Soysal et al, 2018), cost of spoilage (Azadeh et al, 2017), disposal cost (Accorsi et al, 2017), cost of deteriorated units (i.e., lost sales) (Mirzaei & Seifi, 2015;Dolgui et al, 2018;Sinha & Anand, 2020;Violi et al, 2020). Two papers minimize the makespan (Lacomme et al, 2018;Bank et al, 2020).…”