The involvement of monkey premotor cortex neurones in preparation of visually cued arm movements

Godschalk, M.; Lemon, Roger; Kuypers, H.G.J.M.; Steen, J. van der

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90070-1

Cited by 164 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fact that PM was found in the source reconstruction of both comparisons is in line with previous neuroimaging studies that have consistently shown the involvement of the PM cortex during the processing of action language (Papeo et al, 2009;Pulvermüller et al, 1999;Raposo et al, 2009;Schuil et al, 2013;Tomasino et al, 2008;Willems et al, 2010). In addition, other studies have shown that the dorsal PM is particularly activated during the preparation of movements (Godschalk et al, 1985;Halsband and Freund, 1990;Passingham, 1988), which fits well with the fact that sentences in this study were constructed in future tense (Candidi et al, 2010). The differential suppression of mu was also observed in the superior temporal gyrus (BA 39), while participants were reading the final word of congruent action sentences (contrast congruent action -abstract; Fig.…”

Section: Mu Suppression In Action Languagesupporting

confidence: 89%

Brain dynamics in the comprehension of action-related language. A time-frequency analysis of mu rhythms

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Accepted 2 January 2015 Available online 9 January 2015 Keywords:Mu rhythms Beta rhythms Embodied meaning Action language Perceptive language EEG mu rhythms (8-13 Hz) recorded at fronto-central electrodes are generally considered as markers of motor cortical activity in humans, because they are modulated when participants perform an action, when they observe another's action or even when they imagine performing an action. In this study, we analyzed the time-frequency (TF) modulation of mu rhythms while participants read action language ("You will cut the strawberry cake"), abstract language ("You will doubt the patient's argument"), and perceptive language ("You will notice the bright day"). The results indicated that mu suppression at fronto-central sites is associated with action language rather than with abstract or perceptive language. Also, the largest difference between conditions occurred quite late in the sentence, while reading the first noun, (contrast Action vs. Abstract), or the second noun following the action verb (contrast Action vs. Perceptive). This suggests that motor activation is associated with the integration of words across the sentence beyond the lexical processing of the action verb. Source reconstruction localized mu suppression associated with action sentences in premotor cortex (BA 6). The present study suggests (1) that the understanding of action language activates motor networks in the human brain, and (2) that this activation occurs online based on semantic integration across multiple words in the sentence.

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Section: Mu Suppression In Action Languagesupporting

confidence: 89%

Brain dynamics in the comprehension of action-related language. A time-frequency analysis of mu rhythms

et al. 2015

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“…Figure 5A shows example delay-period responses of four neurons, locked to the onset of the target. Consistent with previous work (Weinrich and Wise, 1982;Weinrich et al, 1984;Godschalk et al, 1985;Crammond and Kalaska, 2000), we found that many PMd neurons showed a sudden change in mean firing rate after target onset. Such changes were then approximately sustained, although usually with some "drift" in mean firing rate over the course of the delay.…”

Section: Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Reaction times (RTs) (from the go cue until movement onset) are shorter when delays are longer, suggesting that some time-consuming preparatory process is given a head start by the delay (Rosenbaum, 1980;Riehle and Requin, 1989;Crammond and Kalaska, 2000). Neurons in a number of brain areas, including dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), exhibit activity during the delay (Tanji and Evarts, 1976;Weinrich and Wise, 1982;Weinrich et al, 1984;Godschalk et al, 1985;Kurata, 1989;Riehle and Requin, 1989;Snyder et al, 1997). Delay-period activity is typically tuned for the instruction and can be predictive of RT (Riehle and Requin, 1993;Bastian et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Variability in Premotor Cortex Provides a Signature of Motor Preparation

Churchland

Yu²,

Ryu³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

414

433

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We present experiments and analyses designed to test the idea that firing rates in premotor cortex become optimized during motor preparation, approaching their ideal values over time. We measured the across-trial variability of neural responses in dorsal premotor cortex of three monkeys performing a delayed-reach task. Such variability was initially high, but declined after target onset, and was maintained at a rough plateau during the delay. An additional decline was observed after the go cue. Between target onset and movement onset, variability declined by an average of 34%. This decline in variability was observed even when mean firing rate changed little. We hypothesize that this effect is related to the progress of motor preparation. In this interpretation, firing rates are initially variable across trials but are brought, over time, to their "appropriate" values, becoming consistent in the process. Consistent with this hypothesis, reaction times were longer if the go cue was presented shortly after target onset, when variability was still high, and were shorter if the go cue was presented well after target onset, when variability had fallen to its plateau. A similar effect was observed for the natural variability in reaction time: longer (shorter) reaction times tended to occur on trials in which firing rates were more (less) variable. These results reveal a remarkable degree of temporal structure in the variability of cortical neurons. The relationship with reaction time argues that the changes in variability approximately track the progress of motor preparation.

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“…and effective connectivity While there may be variable degrees of latency to activity after epicortical stimulation [82], it is likely that single pulse stimulation of up to 10 mA results in activation within 2-4 ms [83]. The latency of peaks in the CCEP suggests an oligo-or polysynaptic propagation pathway for both the N1 and N2 components.…”

Section: Relationship Between Anatomical Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping human brain networks with cortico-cortical evoked potentials

Keller

Honey

Mégevand

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

189

212

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The cerebral cortex forms a sheet of neurons organized into a network of interconnected modules that is highly expanded in humans and presumably enables our most refined sensory and cognitive abilities. The links of this network form a fundamental aspect of its organization, and a great deal of research is focusing on understanding how information flows within and between different regions. However, an often-overlooked element of this connectivity regards a causal, hierarchical structure of regions, whereby certain nodes of the cortical network may exert greater influence over the others. While this is difficult to ascertain non-invasively, patients undergoing invasive electrode monitoring for epilepsy provide a unique window into this aspect of cortical organization. In this review, we highlight the potential for cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping to directly measure neuronal propagation across large-scale brain networks with spatio-temporal resolution that is superior to traditional neuroimaging methods. We first introduce effective connectivity and discuss the mechanisms underlying CCEP generation. Next, we highlight how CCEP mapping has begun to provide insight into the neural basis of non-invasive imaging signals. Finally, we present a novel approach to perturbing and measuring brain network function during cognitive processing. The direct measurement of CCEPs in response to electrical stimulation represents a potentially powerful clinical and basic science tool for probing the large-scale networks of the human cerebral cortex.

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The involvement of monkey premotor cortex neurones in preparation of visually cued arm movements

Cited by 164 publications

References 25 publications

Brain dynamics in the comprehension of action-related language. A time-frequency analysis of mu rhythms

Brain dynamics in the comprehension of action-related language. A time-frequency analysis of mu rhythms

Neural Variability in Premotor Cortex Provides a Signature of Motor Preparation

Mapping human brain networks with cortico-cortical evoked potentials

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