The Iodine Content of Atmospheric Aerosols as Determined by the Use of a Fluoropore Filter® for Collection

Tsukada, Hirofumi; Hara, Hiroshi; Iwashima, Kiyoshi; Yamagata, Noboru

doi:10.1246/bcsj.60.3195

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Once again, they remark that a substantial additional source of iodine was needed. In a throwback to earlier work, Saiz-Lopez et al (2012) mention that Tsukada et al (1987) appeared to be the first to measure the insoluble of iodine in the aerosol.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Truesdale

Žic

Garnier

et al. 2012

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. a b s t r a c tA study of foams formed on the marine Lake Mir, Croatia, and elsewhere on the same coast demonstrates, for the first time, that they are fractionated (enrichened) in org-I by up to 630 times relative to the water from which they form. The results are consistent with an I/C mole ratio for in-situ organic matter. Foams created artificially in the laboratory from natural samples of water from Lake Mir were similarly fractionated, although to a lesser degree. These differences were effectively removed when enrichments were expressed as molar ratios, e.g., P tot /I tot , rather than straightforward concentrations. This similarity in the behaviour to enrichment for organic forms of I, N and P suggests that the time over which foams age is a major determinant of the enrichment they display. It is argued that this period allows time for the seawater occluded in the interstitial spaces between bubbles, to drain away. Since foam production is ubiquitous over the oceans it seems likely that this process local to coastal environments is much more common than at first might appear to be the case. The paper explains how this work provides circumstantial evidence that the bubble-bursting mechanism current since the 1960s may well provide the iodine which appears to be missing in many modelling calculations based upon an atmospheric system dependant upon sorption of the species IO upon the marine aerosol.

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Truesdale

Žic

Garnier

et al. 2012

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…An improved model was then developed, primarily by increasing the proportion of iodide in the aerosols (Pechtl et al, 2007). Few studies have addressed water-insoluble iodine in aerosols (Gilfedder et al, 2010;Tsukada et al, 1987), which might not be easily converted to gaseous iodine before being deposited on the Earth's surface. Previous observational data suggest that water-insoluble iodine is abundant in aerosol particles, representing 17-53 % of the total iodine (Gilfedder et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with stable iodine ( 127 I), 129 I also disperses in the atmosphere in both gaseous and particulate forms. Particulate 129 I has been used successfully in monitoring studies, and as an atmospheric tracer (Englund et al, 2010b;Jabbar et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2005;Tsukada et al, 1987). While, speciation analysis of 129 I in aerosols is extremely scarce with the only one being our previous study (Xu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of <sup>127</sup>I and <sup>129</sup>I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations

Zhang

Hou

2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Speciation analysis of iodine in aerosols is a very useful approach for understanding geochemical cycling of iodine in the atmosphere. In this study, overall iodine species, including water-soluble iodine species (iodide, iodate and water-soluble organic iodine), NaOH-soluble iodine, and insoluble iodine have been determined for 129I and 127I in the aerosols collected at Risø, Denmark, during March and May 2011 (shortly after the Fukushima nuclear accident) and in December 2014. The measured concentrations of total iodine are in the range of 1.04–2.48 ng m−3 for 127I and (11.3–97.0)  ×  105 atoms m−3 for 129I, corresponding to 129I ∕ 127I atomic ratios of (17.8–86.8)  ×  10−8. The contribution of Fukushima-derived 129I (peak value of 6.3  ×  104 atoms m−3) is estimated to be negligible (less than 6 %) compared to the total 129I concentration in northern Europe. The concentrations and species of 129I and 127I in the aerosols are found to be strongly related to their sources and atmospheric pathways. Aerosols that were transported over the contaminated seas contained higher concentrations of 129I than aerosols transported over the European continent. The high 129I concentrations of the marine aerosols are attributed to secondary emission of marine discharged 129I in the contaminated seawater in the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, English Channel, Kattegat, etc., rather than direct gaseous release from the European nuclear reprocessing plants (NRPs). Water-soluble iodine was found to be a minor fraction to the total iodine for both 127I (7.8–13.7 %) and 129I (6.5–14.1 %) in ocean-derived aerosols, but accounted for 20.2–30.3 % for 127I and 25.6–29.5 % for 129I in land-derived aerosols. Iodide was the predominant form of water-soluble iodine, accounting for more than 97 % of the water-soluble iodine. NaOH-soluble iodine seems to be independent of the sources of aerosols. The significant proportion of 129I and 127I found in NaOH-soluble fractions is likely bound with organic substances. In contrast to water-soluble iodine, the sources of air masses exerted distinct influences on insoluble iodine for both 129I and 127I, with higher values for marine air masses and lower values for terrestrial air masses.

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“…To date, iodide and iodate have been determined simultaneously in only two marine samples (one oceanic [ Wimschneider and Heumann , 1995] and one coastal [ Gäbler and Heumann , 1993]), while speciation data have been inferred from measurements of one or other ion in a number of other samples [ Gäbler and Heumann , 1993; Baker et al , 2001]. Other workers have also presented evidence for the existence of organic [ Murphy et al , 1997; Baker et al , 2000] and insoluble [ Tsukada et al , 1987; Baker et al , 2000] forms of iodine in aerosol, whose influences on iodine recycling remain unknown. Insoluble, non‐volatile forms of aerosol iodine may be linked to bursts of new particle production in the coastal atmosphere [ Hoffmann et al , 2001; O'Dowd et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic iodine speciation in tropical Atlantic aerosol

Baker

2004

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] The inorganic speciation of soluble iodine has been determined in size-fractionated aerosol samples collected from the tropical Atlantic Ocean in October/November 2002 during Meteor cruise 55, a pilot study of the German SOLAS programme. Iodide concentrations were appreciable (>0.4 pmol m À3 ) in the fine and coarse modes of all samples whereas iodate was occasionally below detection limit ($0.7 pmol m À3 ) in samples from northern hemisphere air and was undetectable in all samples from the southern hemisphere. Iodine was enriched, and chlorine and bromine depleted, relative to seasalt concentrations. The majority of Cl À loss was due to the seasalt displacement reaction. Halogen activation (I À + HOX + H + = IX + H 2 O) may also have occurred, but did not result in net I À depletion in any aerosol fraction. The observed variations of iodine speciation cannot be reproduced by current models of aerosol iodine chemistry.

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The Iodine Content of Atmospheric Aerosols as Determined by the Use of a Fluoropore Filter® for Collection

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Speciation of <sup>127</sup>I and <sup>129</sup>I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations

Inorganic iodine speciation in tropical Atlantic aerosol

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The Iodine Content of Atmospheric Aerosols as Determined by the Use of a Fluoropore Filter® for Collection

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Circumstantial evidence in support of org-I as a component of the marine aerosol arising from a study of marine foams

Speciation of &lt;sup&gt;127&lt;/sup&gt;I and &lt;sup&gt;129&lt;/sup&gt;I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations

Inorganic iodine speciation in tropical Atlantic aerosol

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Speciation of <sup>127</sup>I and <sup>129</sup>I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations