The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and &amp;quot;climate migration&amp;quot;

Engler, Steven; Mauelshagen, Franz; Werner, Johannes P.; Luterbacher, Jürg

doi:10.5194/cp-9-1161-2013

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such conditions are associated with persistent cold spells and potentially large snow accumulations (Moreno-Chamarro et al, 2017). Jones and Briffa (2006) highlight the exceptional cold and dryness of the early 1740s for the British-Irish Isles, with the impacts on Irish society and "The Forgotten Famine" documented by Dickson (1997) and Engler et al (2013). The 1740s are remarkably dry in the IoI_1711 winter and annual series, while 1740 stands out as exceptionally dry in the early annual totals from Cork taken by Timothy Tucker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland (1711–2016)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A continuous 305-year (1711-2016) monthly rainfall series (IoI_1711) is created for the Island of Ireland. The post 1850 series draws on an existing quality assured rainfall network for Ireland, while pre-1850 values come from instrumental and documentary series compiled, but not published by the UK Met Office. The series is evaluated by comparison with independent long-term observations and reconstructions of precipitation, temperature and circulation indices from across the British-Irish Isles. Strong decadal consistency of IoI_1711 with other long-term observations is evident throughout the annual, boreal spring and autumn series. Annually, the most recent decade (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) is found to be the wettest in over 300 years. The winter series is probably too dry between the 1740s and 1780s, but strong consistency with other long-term observations strengthens confidence from 1790 onwards. The IoI_1711 series has remarkably wet winters during the 1730s, concurrent with a period of strong westerly airflow, glacial advance throughout Scandinavia and near unprecedented warmth in the Central England Temperature record -all consistent with a strongly positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Unusually wet summers occurred in the 1750s, consistent with proxy (treering) reconstructions of summer precipitation in the region. Our analysis shows that inter-decadal variability of precipitation is much larger than previously thought, while relationships with key modes of climate variability are time-variant. The IoI_1711 series reveals statistically significant multicentennial trends in winter (increasing) and summer (decreasing) seasonal precipitation. However, given uncertainties in the early winter record, the former finding should be regarded as tentative. The derived record, one of the longest continuous series in Europe, offers valuable insights for understanding multi-decadal and centennial rainfall variability in Ireland, and provides a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and reconstructions of past climate. Correlation of Irish rainfall with other parts of Europe increases the utility of the series for understanding historical climate in further regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland (1711–2016)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While confidence in actual rainfall totals is low, it is likely that much of this period was indeed very 25 dry. highlight the exceptional cold and dryness of the early 1740s for the British-Irish Isles, with the impacts on Irish society and 'The Forgotten Famine' well documented by Dickson (1997) and Engler et al (2013). The 1740s are noted as exceptionally dry in the IoI_1711 winter and annual series, while 1740 stands out as exceptionally dry in the early annual totals from Cork taken by Dr. Timothy Tucker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the Island of Ireland (1711–2016)

Murphy¹,

Broderick²,

Burt³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A continuous 305-year (1711-2016) monthly rainfall series is created for the Island of Ireland. Two overlapping data sources are employed: i) a previously unpublished UK Meteorological Office note containing annual rainfall anomalies and corresponding proportional monthly totals based on weather diaries and early observational records for the period and; ii) a long-term, homogenised monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland for the period 1850-2016. Using estimates 5 of long-term average precipitation from the homogenised series to merge these sources, the new 305-year record is years. The new series reveals statistically significant (0.05 level) multi-centennial trends in winter (increasing) and summer (decreasing) seasonal precipitation. However, given uncertainties in the early winter record, the former should be treated as tentative. Importantly, we show that the years 1940 to present -the period with the most widely available digitised recordsis unrepresentative of long-term changes in all seasons. Although there are recognized uncertainties in the early record, the 20 derived series offers valuable insights for understanding multi-decadal and centennial rainfall variability in Ireland, and provides a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and future reconstructions.

show abstract

“…From an institutional standpoint the World Health Organization [9] defines famine as "regional failure of food production or supply, sufficient to cause a marked increase in disease and mortality due to severe lack of nutrition and necessitating emergency intervention, usually at an international level". Furthermore, we have suggested elsewhere [10,11] to define famines "as an extreme scarcity of food or a drop in exchange entitlements in a certain region over a multi-year period that threatens the way of life of the already-vulnerable resident population and frequently leads to a higher mortality rate". The trajectories of famines can be separated into four phases, namely pre-famine vulnerability, the initiating driver, the coping capacity and direct impacts as well as the adaptation phase [10].…”

Section: Famine Vulnerability Of the Irish Society In The Early 18th mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will identify some of the key reasons for this constant state of want that persisted even before the famines analyzed in this article. Engler et al [11] used the Famine Vulnerability Analysis Model (FVAM, see [10]) to systematically evaluate the socio-environmental conditions. In their analysis, several indicators for vulnerability, of which a list can be found in Engler et al 2013 [11] with categories "population", "politics" and "economy", are checked, ranging from social status of the analyzed group and equality of the society to education and legal structures as well as market related indicators, such as tax system, employment and market integration.…”

Section: The Pre-famine Situation In Ireland In the 18th Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes Prior and during the Early 18th Century Irish Famines—Weather Extremes and Migration

Engler

Werner

2015

Climate

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper advances the current debates on famine and famine history, with a focus on the first half of the 18th century in Ireland. Ireland was often hit by severe famines and two of them, specifically the famines of 1728-1729 and 1740-1741, are at the center of this article. The analysis of those famines will show the relevance of weather extremes as one driver in the functional chain of famines. Analyzing the linkage between weather extremes and social, political and economic vulnerabilities of the society further enhances the debate on past famines. Additionally, this paper focuses on the migration flows in the context of both Irish famines. These migration flows lay the foundation for the migration patterns during the "Great Irish Famine" of 1845-1852.

show abstract

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland (1711–2016)

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland (1711–2016)

A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the Island of Ireland (1711–2016)

Processes Prior and during the Early 18th Century Irish Famines—Weather Extremes and Migration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About