The Iron Oxides Strike Back: From Biomedical Applications to Energy Storage Devices and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Tartaj, Pedro; Morales, M.P.; González-Carreño, T.; Veintemillas-Verdaguer, Sabino; Serna, Carlos J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201101368

Cited by 230 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are one of the most widely used nanotechnological tools in biomedicine; their nanometric size provides special features that favor the development of new applications, and they can be manipulated under the influence of an external magnetic field. In recent years, MNP have been proposed for applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, cell sorting, hyperthermia, nanosensors and tissue engineering [2,3]. The development of new technologies implies the need to determine their toxicity and to identify potential risks and side effects that could arise from their use, especially important in the case of nanotechnology [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

Mejías

Gutiérrez

Salas

et al. 2013

Journal of Controlled Release

123

106

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Although iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been proposed for numerous biomedical applications, little is known about their biotransformation and long-term toxicity in the body. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles have been proven efficient for in vivo drug delivery, but these results must nonetheless be sustained by comprehensive studies of long-term distribution, degradation and toxicity. We studied DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles effects in vitro on NCTC 1469 nonparenchymal hepatocytes, and analyzed their biodistribution and biotransformation in vivo in C57BL/6 mice. Our results indicate that DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles have little effect on cell viability, oxidative stress, cell cycle or apoptosis on NCTC 1469 cells in vitro. In vivo distribution and transformation was studied by alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements, a technique that permits distinction of MNP from other iron species. Our results show that DMSA-coated MNP accumulate in spleen, liver and lung tissues for extended periods of time, in which nanoparticles undergo a process of conversion from superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to other nonsuperparamagnetic iron forms, with no significant signs of toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

Mejías

Gutiérrez

Salas

et al. 2013

Journal of Controlled Release

123

106

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“…Tartaj et al [9] also highlight promising applications in energy storage (in particular the utilization of α-Fe 2 O 3 as an anode material for lithium ion batteries) and heterogeneous catalysis. They discuss the use of iron oxide-based catalysts in the Fenton reaction [16], ethylbenzene dehydrogenation [17], and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [18].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their aptly titled perspective article "The Iron Oxides Strike Back:…", Tartaj et al [9] describe how the exciting properties of iron oxides, coupled to their low toxicity, stability, and economic viability, make them ideal for application in a wide range of emerging fields. For example, α-Fe 2 O 3 has almost the ideal band gap for PEC water splitting, performed via the reaction: H 2 O  ½ O 2 +H 2 (E 0 = 1.23 V), which is a way to convert solar energy into useful chemical energy whilst providing a major source of H 2 .…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron oxide surfaces

Parkinson

2016

Surface Science Reports

501

463

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The current status of knowledge regarding the surfaces of the iron oxides, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), and wüstite (Fe 1-x O) is reviewed. The paper starts with a summary of applications where iron oxide surfaces play a major role, including corrosion, catalysis, spintronics, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), biomedicine, photoelectrochemical water splitting and groundwater remediation. The bulk structure and properties are then briefly presented; each compound is based on a close-packed anion lattice, with a different distribution and oxidation state of the Fe cations in interstitial sites. The bulk defect chemistry is dominated by cation vacancies and interstitials (not oxygen vacancies) and this provides the context to understand iron oxide surfaces, which represent the front line in reduction and oxidation processes. The atomic-scale structure of the low-index surfaces of iron oxides is the major focus of this review. Fe 3 O 4 is the most studied iron oxide in surface science, primarily because its stability range corresponds nicely to the ultra-high vacuum environment, and because it is an electrical conductor, which makes it straightforward to study with the most commonly used surface science methods such as photoemission spectroscopies (XPS, UPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The impact of the surfaces on the measurement of bulk properties such as magnetism, the Verwey transition and the (predicted) half-metallicity is discussed.The best understood iron oxide surface at present is probably Fe 3 O 4 (100); the structure is known with a high degree of precision and the major defects and properties are well characterised. A major factor in this is that a termination at the Fe oct -O plane can be reproducibly prepared by a variety of methods, as long as the surface is annealed in 10 Such straightforward preparation of a monophase termination is generally not the case for other iron oxide surfaces. All available evidence suggests the oft-studied (√2×√2)R45° reconstruction results from a rearrangement of the cation lattice in the outermost unit cell in which two octahedral cations are replaced by one tetrahedral interstitial, a motif conceptually similar to well-known Koch-Cohen defects in Fe (0001) is the most studied hematite surface, but 2 difficulties preparing stoichiometric surfaces under UHV conditions have hampered a definitive determination of the structure. There is evidence for at least three terminations: a bulk-like termination at the oxygen plane, a termination with half of the cation layer, and a termination with ferryl groups. When the surface is reduced the so-called "bi-phase" structure is formed, which eventually transforms to a Fe 3 O 4 (111)-like termination. The structure of the bi-phase surface is controversial; a largely accepted model of coexisting Fe 1-x O and α-Fe 2 O 3 (0001) islands was recently challenged and a new structure based on a thin film of Fe 3 O 4 (111) on α-Fe 2 O 3 (0001) was proposed. The merits of the compet...

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“…Owing to the theoretical capacity of tradition graphite anode material is only 370 mAh/g, which cannot meet the increasing requirements of higher power density of LIBs. As an alternative, a-Fe 2 O 3 becomes as an ideal candidate to replace graphite for LIBs because of its high capacity (up to 1007 mAh/g) [10]. Recently, Poizot and co-workers discovered the nanosized transition metal oxides undergo conversion reaction with lithium ion according to the following equilibrium: [11] MO þ Li þ þ e À 4M þ Li 2 O ðM ¼ Fe; Co; Ni; MnÞ Therefore, the a-Fe 2 O 3 can be reduced to metal Fe nanoparticles wrapped in Li 2 O and gel-like polymer electrolyte matrix and then reversibly recovered to the oxidation condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetragonal hematite single crystals as anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries

Yang

Zhou

Ding

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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The Iron Oxides Strike Back: From Biomedical Applications to Energy Storage Devices and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Cited by 230 publications

References 70 publications

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

Iron oxide surfaces

Tetragonal hematite single crystals as anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries

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