The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Da'esh's socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage

Smith, Claire; Burke, Heather; Leiuen, Cherrie De; Jackson, Gary

doi:10.1177/1469605315617048

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, ideology-driven destruction of heritage during conflict has been particularly associated with the Middle East and the activities of Daesh/So-Called IS, and the rise of what is now termed 'cultural terrorism' [6,7]. The coming together of physical damage and social media has arguably increased the profile of heritage sites in conflict areas [8,9]. What is of particular concern in context of this increasing targeting of heritage, as this research illustrates, is that the tools with which this destruction can be inflicted are increasing in strength and availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939

Mol

Gómez-Heras

2018

Herit Sci

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Conflict damage to heritage has been thrust into the global spotlight during recent conflict in the Middle East. While the use of social media has heightened and enhanced public awareness of this 'cultural terrorism' , the occurrence of this type of vandalism is not new. In fact, as this study demonstrates, evidence of the active targeting of sites, as well as collateral damage when heritage is caught in crossfire, is widely visible around Europe and further afield. Using a variety of case studies ranging from the 1640s to the 1930s, we illustrate and quantify the changing impact of ballistics on heritage buildings as weaponry and ammunition have increased in both energy and energy density potential. In the first instance, this study highlights the increasing threats to heritage in conflict areas. Second, it argues for the pressing need to quantify and map damage to the stonework in order to respond to these challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939

Mol

Gómez-Heras

2018

Herit Sci

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“…One of Da'esh's tactics is to elicit outrage from the West in order to reinforce perceptions of strength and facilitate local territorial control and expansion (Smith et al 2016). Given the high value that Western cultures place on cultural heritage sites, it is a relatively simple matter to elicit this outrage through the dissemination of images that record the destruction of heritage sites such as the Temple of Bel, Palmyra, Syria ( As a Buddhist, I must say that, from a religious perspective, it makes no difference whatsoever if these statues are destroyed or if they are saved.…”

Section: The Destruction Of Cultural Heritage Sites In Iraq and Syriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Smith et al (2016), socially mediated terrorism is defined as 'the use of social and networked media to increase the impact of violent acts undertaken to further a social, political and/or religious cause with the aim of creating physical, emotional or psychological suffering that extends beyond the immediate audience. ' Social media is integral to the communication strategies of extremist groups such as Da'esh and Hizb ut-Tahrir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Manipulation of Social, Cultural and Religious Values in Socially Mediated Terrorism

et al. 2018

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This paper presents an analysis of how the Islamic State/Da'esh and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia manipulate conflicting social, cultural and religious values as part of their socially mediated terrorism. It focusses on three case studies: (1) the attacks in Paris, France on 13 November 2015; (2) the destruction of cultural heritage sites in Iraq and Syria; and (3) the struggle between nationalist values and extreme Islamic values in Indonesia. The case studies were chosen as a basis for identifying global commonalities as well as regional differences in socially mediated terrorism. They are located in Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The integrated analysis of these case studies identifies significant trends and suggests actions that could lessen the impact of strategies deployed by extremist groups such as Da'esh, al-Qaeda and Hizb ut-Tahrir. We discuss the broader implications for understanding various aspects of socially mediated terrorism.

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“…Archaeological sites themselves continue to be targeted as places of conflict and violence, such as the recent bombings of Palmyra by the Islamic State (C. Smith et al. ; Zorich ). As Martin Hall argues, it is the subjective memory, experience, and imagination from where “an archaeology of violence is positioned against the relentlessness of reincorporation into objective normality; against the nonchalant acceptance of the violence of colonization; against the banality of evil, against the inevitability that the subjective experience of violence will be calibrated into a systematic ontology and taken as expected for the future” (, 90–91).…”

Section: Experiences and Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropological Archaeology in 2016: Cooperation and Collaborations in Archaeological Research and Practice

Halperin

2017

American Anthropologist

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Ideas of collaboration and cooperation are often implicit, taken-for-granted elements in archaeological models and theorizing. Overshadowed by a growing archaeological preoccupation with warfare, violence, conflict, and crisis, cooperative acts and collaborative dispositions appear to lack the same emotional resonance and changestimulating properties that attract archaeological attention. Nonetheless, many archaeological publications in 2016 directly take on notions of collaboration in thinking about the past and our roles as archaeologists and as citizens of the future. This review underscores the significance of thinking about collaboration and cooperation as ambiguous, ambivalent, multiscalar, and dynamic. At issue is not just the creation of community but also of getting things done and, of course, celebrating, revising, or reworking the intended or unintended consequences of those actions over the generations. [archaeology, collaboration, cooperation] RESUMEN Las ideas de colaboración y cooperación son a menudo elementos implícitos, que se dan por sentados en los modelos y teorización arqueológicos. Opacados por una creciente preocupación arqueológica por la guerra, la violencia, el conflicto, y la crisis, a los actos cooperativos y disposiciones colaborativas parecen faltarles la misma resonancia emocional y propiedades estimulantes de cambio que atraen la atención arqueológica. No obstante, muchas publicaciones arqueológicas en 2016 empiezan directamente a tratar las nociones de colaboración, reflexionando acerca del pasado y nuestros roles como arqueólogos y como ciudadanos del futuro. Esta revisión enfatiza la importancia de considerar la colaboración y cooperación como ambiguas, ambivalentes, de múltiples escalas, y dinámicas. En cuestión no sólo está la creación de comunidad, sino también el lograr que se hagan las cosas, y por supuesto, celebrar, revisar, o rehacer las consecuencias planeadas o no planeadas de esas acciones sobre generaciones. [arqueología, colaboración, cooperación]

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The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Da'esh's socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939

Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939

The Manipulation of Social, Cultural and Religious Values in Socially Mediated Terrorism

Anthropological Archaeology in 2016: Cooperation and Collaborations in Archaeological Research and Practice

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