The Isolation and Characters of L-Forms and Reversions of Bacillus Licheniformis var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek) Associated with the Erythrocytes of Clinically Normal Persons

Bisset, K. A.; Bartlett, R.

doi:10.1099/00222615-11-3-335

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As recorded in our previous results (Bisset, 1977;Bisset and Bartlett, 1978), this reversion occurred much more freely than the sporogenous phase, presumably because it represents a smaller step in the process, but was not influenced to the same extent by the additives investigated. By contrast, the appearance of phase-B revertants was greatly influenced by the presence of occasional contaminant colonies of s. epidermidis, present accidentally or by deliberate experiment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Work in this laboratory has demonstrated that these L-forms and intermediate forms are derived from a sporing bacillus classifiable as Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek), here referred to as BLE (Pease, 1974;Bisset, 1977;Tedeschi et al, 1978); it is held that BLE occurs in various forms as a cryptoparasite associated with the erythrocytes of human beings (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978). The spheroplast forms of BLE have often been described as mycoplasmas, which they closely resemble (see Dumonde, 1976, for references); the relationship of mycoplasma-like organisms with Bacillus species of the B. subtilisl licheniformis type, implied by the work of Pease (1974) and Bisset (1977), was recently clarified by the tRNA analyses of Walker and RajBhandary (1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Induction of Reversion From the L-Form to the Sporogenous Phase of Bacillus Licheniformis Var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek)

Bartlett¹,

Bisset²

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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I N a recent paper (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978) it was postulated that approximately 30% of clinically normal persons carry a gram-positive bacillus as an L-form in their blood stream. Work in this laboratory has demonstrated that these L-forms and intermediate forms are derived from a sporing bacillus classifiable as Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek), here referred to as BLE (Pease, 1974;Bisset, 1977;Tedeschi et al., 1978); it is held that BLE occurs in various forms as a cryptoparasite associated with the erythrocytes of human beings (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978). The spheroplast forms of BLE have often been described as mycoplasmas, which they closely resemble (see Dumonde, 1976, for references); the relationship of mycoplasma-like organisms with Bacillus species of the B. subtilisl licheniformis type, implied by the work of Pease (1974) and Bisset (1977), was recently clarified by the tRNA analyses of Walker and RajBhandary (1978).The identification of these various morphological forms as phases of BLE tends to be obscured by their exceedingly slow development, i.e., reversion to the true bacterial form, in primary culture. The entire process takes many months, and complete reversion to a sporogenous phase, although common in strains from arthritic joint fluids (Pease, 1974), is rather rare in those from healthy subjects, especially in subculture (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978). It was observed, however, that speedier and more complete reversion might be induced by growth of the L-form in the presence of cultural products of Staphylococcus epidermidis. This was suggested by Professor G. Tedeschi (personal communication), and the principle was employed by Madoff (1974). In the present work, experimental trial has been made of hog gastric mucin, which had previously been employed by Wittler, Cary and Lindberg (I 956) for inducing reversion of L-forms, and lysine, riboflavin and diaminopimelic acid.The aim of this communication is to reinforce our information upon the relationship of the cell-wall-deficient L-forms and intermediate L-forms to one another and to the completely reverted sporing bacillus, and to provide practical information for the further investigation of the postulated BLE carrier state. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria. The strain of B. lichenijormis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek) was a phase-A, L-form, isolated from normal human blood (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978), and purified by repeated subculture and picking of colonies. Phase A of BLE is a small, pleomorphic, non-sporing, gram-positive rod, often slightly acid-fast, exhibiting uneven, bipolar or banded staining, and larger filamentous or spherical cell-wall-deficient forms, more typical of the L-form. On agar, it produces small transparent colonies of mycoplasma type, but not the " fried egg " appearance.The strain selected was consistently oxidase-positive, which enabled its phase-B " diphtheroid " revertants to be readily distinguishable from morphologically similar corynebacteria, with which they have been confused by some wo...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

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confidence: 99%

Induction of Reversion From the L-Form to the Sporogenous Phase of Bacillus Licheniformis Var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek)

Bartlett¹,

Bisset²

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…endoparasiticus, (Benedek), abbreviated as BLE (Bisset, 1977). These forms can be isolated from the blood of many normal persons, and their true nature is indicated by occasional reversions to the sporogenous phase, in primary cultures incubated for prolonged periods (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978). Various substances, notably hog gastric mucin and diaminopimelic acid, induce an increased rate of reversion (Bartlett and Bisset, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron microscopy of the L-cycle in Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek) (Plates XXXVI-XL)

Bisset¹,

Tallack²,

Bartlett³

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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RECENT STUDIES in this laboratory (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978;Bartlett and Bisset, 1979) appear to confirm the view of Roberts (1964) and Pease (1974) that the spheroplasts and 'diphtheroid' bacteria, described by many workers, as occurring notably in patients with arthritis and cancer, are phases in the L-cycle of a BaciZZus species, diagnosed in this laboratory as B. lichenformis var. endoparasiticus, (Benedek), abbreviated as BLE (Bisset, 1977). These forms can be isolated from the blood of many normal persons, and their true nature is indicated by occasional reversions to the sporogenous phase, in primary cultures incubated for prolonged periods (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978). Various substances, notably hog gastric mucin and diaminopimelic acid, induce an increased rate of reversion (Bartlett and Bisset, 1979).Accurate descriptions of the life-cycle of this organism have been published on several occasions in the past half-century. Those, for example of Glover ( 1930) and Brehmer (1 934), correspond closely with our own observations, and references to numerous, less satisfactory but perfectly recognisable, descriptions are listed by the contributors to a Symposium (1970) and by Mattman (1974). These have failed to carry conviction for two reasons; they are advanced as discoveries of the microbial pathogen of cancer or, less frequently, arthritis and other conditions, which they may or may not be, but for which no real proof is available; secondly, the essentially simple and normal behaviour of the bacillus, passing through its L-cycle, has not been understood by the investigators, who have been misled into descriptions of new, hitherto unknown types of micro-organism, with newly coined names. These were not acceptable to bacteriologists generally.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate by electron microscopy of sections the structure of the L-form and intermediate stages, to illustrate their relationship to one another, to the normal BaciZZus stage, and to other bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria. The organism mainly employed was a strain of BLE isolated from normal human erythrocytes (Bisset and Bartlett, 1978); it simultaneously produced spheroplasts and bacilli in

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“…However, there are strong indications that mice in general harbor endogenous facultative bacterial pathogens which probably are transmitted vertically through the placenta from mother to progeny. Moreover, such bacteria have been described to be present in the erythrocytes causing their destruction through oxidation of hemoglobin with formation of hemosiderin (BISSET & BARTLETT 1978;TEDESCHI et al 1978;TEDESCHI & DI IORIO 1979). Work is now in progress in the authors' laboratory on the identification of vertically transmitted pathogens in the B10.PL, the B10.PLderived knockouts, and the BALB/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Pathology in Immunodeficient Gnotobiotic Laboratory Mice

Sura

Srebro²

2005

folia biol (krakow)

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Gnotobiotic autoimmunity prone, antigen presentation, T lymphocyte receptor gene knockout mice show cerebral pathology in the form of meningitis, venous blood statis with subarachnoid hemorrhages and massive hemosiderin deposits. A more or less severe hydrocephalus was present in all animals examined. In all cases except the CD1 -/-animals, the pineal gland was considerably reduced in mass. Only in the latter strain was a strong pineal hypertrophy in the form of a benign tumor present in ca. 50% of the animals. A possible sequence of events leading to hydrocephalus is discussed. Endogenous vertically transmitted facultative pathogens, active in the immunocompromised animals, probably play a primary etiological role. The results show that caution is needed in planning immunobiological studies on the B10.PL and B10.PL-derived mice, and possibly other strains not examined for possible neuropathological changes.

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The Isolation and Characters of L-Forms and Reversions of Bacillus Licheniformis var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek) Associated with the Erythrocytes of Clinically Normal Persons

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Induction of Reversion From the L-Form to the Sporogenous Phase of Bacillus Licheniformis Var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek)

Induction of Reversion From the L-Form to the Sporogenous Phase of Bacillus Licheniformis Var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek)

Electron microscopy of the L-cycle in Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek) (Plates XXXVI-XL)

Cerebral Pathology in Immunodeficient Gnotobiotic Laboratory Mice

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