The isoprenoid pathway: cloning and characterization of fungal FPPS genes

Homann, Veronika; Mende, Katrin; Arntz, Claudia; Ilardi, Vincenza; Macino, Guiseppa; Morelli, Giorgio; Böse, Gerhard; Tudzynski, Bettina

doi:10.1007/s002940050126

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, FPP is a feedback regulator of HMGR, as indicated above. FPP synthase is encoded by the ERG20 gene, which was cloned from S. cerevisiae (481), and some filamentous fungi, such as N. crassa and F. fujikuroi (482). In yeast, ERG20 is a single-copy essential gene, whereas at least five copies of the FPP synthase gene exist in rat liver (483).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Farnesyl Diphosphate (Fpp) (I) Acetoacetyl-coamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

165

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Section: Synthesis Of Farnesyl Diphosphate (Fpp) (I) Acetoacetyl-coamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

165

195

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“…1) begins with the synthesis of mevalonate from hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), a reaction mediated by HMGCoA reductase, encoded by hmgR (49). This is followed by the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and several condensation steps, the latter mediated by a prenyl transferase presumably shared by both pathways and encoded by fppS (23), to yield farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). From this point, separate specific enzymes, encoded by genes ggs1 (31) and gibA (originally ggs2 [45]), are used to produce the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) in different subcellular locations (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants

Rodríguez-Ortiz

Limón

Ávalos

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-C) produces metabolites of biotechnological interest, such as gibberellins, bikaverins, and carotenoids. Gibberellin and bikaverin productions are induced upon nitrogen exhaustion, while carotenoid accumulation is stimulated by light. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen availability on carotenogenesis in comparison with bikaverin and gibberellin production in the wild type and in carotenoid-overproducing mutants (carS). Nitrogen starvation increased carotenoid accumulation in all strains tested. In carS strains, gibberellin and bikaverin biosynthesis patterns differed from those of the wild type and paralleled the expression of key genes for both pathways, coding for geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and kaurene synthases for the former and a polyketide synthase for the latter. These results suggest regulatory connections between carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrogen-controlled biosynthetic pathways in this fungus. Expression of gene ggs1, which encodes a second GGPP synthase, was also derepressed in the carS mutants, suggesting the participation of Ggs1 in carotenoid biosynthesis. The carS mutations did not affect genes for earlier steps of the terpenoid pathway, such as fppS or hmgR. Light induced carotenoid biosynthesis in the wild type and carRA and carB levels in the wild-type and carS strains irrespective of nitrogen availability.

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“…More than 95% of the radioactivity originally added as substrate was recovered. Retention times for the 14 C-labeled GAs were 28 min, 18 sec for GA 12 -aldehyde, 27 min, 12 sec for GA 12 , 22 min, 10 sec for GA 14 -aldehyde, 20 min, 8 sec for GA 14 , 18 min, 18 sec for compound W, 16 min, 16 sec for compound X, 12 min, 20 sec for compound Y, and 7 min, 48 sec for compound Z. Radioactive fractions were dried, derivatized, and analyzed by combined GC-MS as described (21). Mass spectra were acquired from 17 to 26 min after injection at an electron energy of 70 eV and a current of 600 A from 100 to 600 atomic mass units at 0.8 sec per scan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli

Lange

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Gibberellin (GA) plant hormones are biosynthesized via complex pathways, the final steps of which are catalyzed by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Here, the cloning of two such enzymes, the GA 7-oxidase and the GA 20-oxidase, is reported using a novel approach, namely, by screening for GA dioxygenase activities expressed as T7 gene 10 fusion proteins in recombinant Escherichia coli. In vitro translation products of mRNA from endosperm of immature pumpkin seeds contained three GA dioxygenase activities, including 7-oxidase, 20-oxidase, and 3␤-hydroxylase. A cDNA expression library was prepared from the endosperm mRNA in MOSElox. An aliquot of the amplified library was converted to plasmids in vivo and used for transformation of E. coli BL21(DE3), which thereafter expressed recombinant fusion proteins containing 7-oxidase, 20-oxidase, and 3␤-hydroxylase activities. By screening for specific GA dioxygenase expression, clones harboring 7-oxidase and 20-oxidase cDNA were isolated. The ORF of the 7-oxidase cDNA is 945 bp long, encoding for 314 amino acid residues with a calculated M r of 35,712 and pI of 5.7. Recombinant GA 7-oxidase oxidizes GA 12 -aldehyde to GA 12 and GA 14 -aldehyde to GA 14 . Evidence was obtained for further metabolism of GA 12 by the 7-oxidase to four products, two of which are monohydroxylated GA 12 . The ORF of the 20-oxidase is-apart from seven changes, resulting in four amino acid substitutions-identical to the 20-oxidase cDNA previously cloned from pumpkin cotyledon mRNA; both 20-oxidases have the same catalytic properties.

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The isoprenoid pathway: cloning and characterization of fungal FPPS genes

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants

Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli

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