The Juvenile Delinquency Problem in Japan: Application of a Role Relationship Model

Delinquency in Sweden: Current Trends and Theoretical Implications

“…Social control is a dominant theoretical perspective (Hirschi, 1969;Kornhouser, 1978) which argues that having strong attachments, commitments, and beliefs in conventional society reduces criminal involvement. But urban, industrial development is seen to break down the mechanisms which foster integration, and thereby, increase alienation and the potential for criminal activity (Fenwick, 1983;Friday, 1983;Friday & Hage, 1976).…”

“…One version of control theory and building on differential association theory is Role Relations Theory (Dussich, 1985;Fenwick, 1983;Friday, 1983). Role Relations Theory suggests that the difference in involvement of youth lies in looking at four measures: the scope of their relationships, frequency of interaction, the degree of independence in choosing with whom to interact, and the degree of overlap or integration in the roles youth play.…”

Modifying risk perceptions of Japanese university students using a culturally compatible mode of instruction

“…The first is the result of their cultural orientation in which personal property is protected by a societal sanction against theft. Because the society puts so much emphasis on cooperation and harmony, most Japanese nationals are reluctant to do anything that would endanger their acceptance by their peer groups (Fenwick, 1983). Therefore there is less crime in Japan.…”

“…The most extreme form of punishment is to be excluded from the ingroup. Fenwick (1983) suggests that fear of exclusion from the group is such a strong sanction that it ensures conformity and controls deviancy. Triandis et al further posit that collectivist cultures display less competition and therefore harmony is more easily achieved.…”