The Kalahari Craton, Southern Africa: From Archean Crustal Evolution to Gondwana Amalgamation

Oriolo, Sebastián; Becker, Thomas E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68920-3_6

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…The age is also consistent with reworking of the SCLM beneath the NW margin of the Kalahari Craton (Fig. 7) during the amalgamation of the Kheis-Okwa-Magondi Belt and the Rehoboth Terrain between 2000 -1750 Ma (Oriolo & Becker, 2018;Van Schijndel et al, 2011). This event has also been proposed to explain formation of diamonds with similar characteristics in Jagersfontein (Aulbach et al, 2009).…”

Section: Large-scale Metasomatism (Group I)supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Alternatively, this age may not yet have been recognised as most reported dates are from inclusion composites. A possible explanation for the contrast with formation of group I diamonds is that following significant growth of the Kalahari Craton through Proterozoic accretion of micro-continents along its margins (Jacobs et al, 2008;Oriolo & Becker, 2018), the controlling tectono-magmatic event was significantly further away and led to limited fluid generation and heating of the regional SCLM beneath Jwaneng at 0.85 Ga (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Small-scale Remobilization and Local Fluid Equilibration (Group Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sm-Nd isochron ages coupled with C-N isotope data of eclogitic diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana

Gress

Koornneef

Thomassot

et al. 2021

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Large-scale Metasomatism (Group I)supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Small-scale Remobilization and Local Fluid Equilibration (Group Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sm-Nd isochron ages coupled with C-N isotope data of eclogitic diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana

Gress

Koornneef

Thomassot

et al. 2021

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…in the south of Zimbabwe (Kamativi; Magondi Belt) and in Namaqualand on both sides of the South African/ Namibian border. The ages of Waterberg fit also well with the post-collisional magmatism as recognized in the Namaqua-Natal Belt (Oriolo and Becker, 2018). Ages concentrating between 1075 and 835 Ma were obtained by Master et al (2017) from zircons collected from the Sijarira Group in western Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Geological Context and Age Of Mineralizationsupporting

confidence: 76%

The hydrothermal Waterberg platinum deposit, Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), South Africa. Part II: Quartz chemistry, fluid inclusions and geochronology

et al. 2018

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The historic Waterberg platinum deposit, ~15 km WNW of Mookgophong (formerly Naboomspruit), Limpopo Province, South Africa, is a rare fault-bound hydrothermal vein-type quartz-hematite-platinum-group mineralization. As a continuation of the geochemistry and ore mineralogy studies (Part I, Oberthür et al., 2018), this paper concentrates on the ore-bearing quartz and on the age constraints of ore formation. The state-of-the-art methods used include cathodoluminescence microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of trace elements, stable isotope (δ18O) analysis and fluid-inclusion studies. U-Pb and (U-Th)/He radiometric age determination gave ages of 900–1075 Ma suggesting platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization as a result of upwelling fluids with connection to the Bushveld complex during Kibaran tectonic movements along the Thabazimbi–Murchison Lineament. Felsic fragments containing Qtz-1 were cemented by different quartz generations (Qtz-2 to Qtz-4) and enable the characterization of the changing physicochemical parameters during multistage mineralization and cooling. The PGE minerals are associated with the earliest hydrothermal stage represented by botryoidal radial-fibrous quartz aggregates (Qtz-2a) which formed on brecciated felsite. The other quartz types are essentially barren. Cathodoluminescence studies of quartz indicate very high Al, Fe and K concentrations as confirmed by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS, whereas Ti is always very low. The varying Al concentrations in the quartz mainly indicate pH fluctuations, the high Fe3+ points at high oxygen fugacity. Micro-inclusions of iron oxide are associated with Pt ore (Fe, Pt, Pd, Au, W, Sb, As), rutile, kaolinite and muscovite. The hydrothermal activity must have been characterized by low saline (<10 wt%) H2O–NaCl solutions. These fluids mixed with original high-saline NaCl ± CaCl2 ± CO2 brines in the brecciated felsite (Qtz-1). According to the quartz-hematite geothermometer the ore depositional temperatures were ~370–330°C (Qtz-2a), whereas the successive quartz veins formed during cooling towards ~295°C. The transport of PGE must have been facilitated by strongly oxidizing chloride complexes of relatively low salinity and moderate acidity.

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“…Neither granites nor metamorphism of this early Mesoproterozoic age are observed, and geochemical and isotopic data show similarities with intraplate magmatism (Oriolo et al, 2019). This 1.4-1.5 Ga event is clearly represented in the Congo Craton but is missing in the Kalahari Craton, where the Mesoproterozoic record is younger than 1.38 Ga (Oriolo and Becker, 2018). Zircon ages in the Congo Craton in north-western Namibia and south-western Angola and basement inliers of the associated Kaoko Belt also include Archean granitic gneisses (ca.…”

Section: Regional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, the allochthony of the Nico Pérez Terrane and its similitude regarding Archean, Paleo-, Meso-and Neoporoterozoic events suggests that it probably represents a fragment of the Congo Craton, as several authors have proposed (Rapela et al, 2011;Oyhantçabal et al, 2011a;Oriolo et al, 2016aOriolo et al, , 2017Konopásek et al, 2018Konopásek et al, , 2020. The dominance of Archean and early to middle Paleoproterozoic ages in both the Nico Pérez Terrane and the overlying metasedimentary sequence, which are widespread in the south-western Congo Craton (e.g., Hanson, 2003;McCourt et al, 2013;Gärtner et al, 2014;Jelsma et al, 2018) and contrast significantly with the western Kalahari Craton and the zircon pattern of the Gariep Belt (e.g., Basei et al, 2005;Hofmann et al, 2014;Oriolo and Becker, 2018), may support an origin from the Angola Block of the Congo Craton. Hartmann et al, 2001;Mallmann et al, 2007;Basei et al, 2008;Gaucher et al, 2008a;Blanco et al, 2009;Rapalini et al, 2015;Pecoits et al, 2016;Gilberg, 2000) and b) eastern Dom Feliciano Belt, samples from Rocha Formation (Abre et al, 2020), Cerro Olivo Complex (Konopásek et al, 2017) and Paso del Dragón Complex (Peel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Regional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance of metasedimentary rocks of the western Dom Feliciano Belt in Uruguay: Insights from U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology, Hf and Nd model ages, and geochemical data

Oyhantçabal

Oriolo

Wemmer

et al. 2021

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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New isotopic and geochemical data for the Paleo-Meso-and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary cover of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt (Brasiliano/Pan-African) are presented and evaluated combined with published information. Whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry indicates that the dominant source for all the units had a composition similar to average upper continental crust. The geochemistry is similar even for late Ediacaran successions with a source component from slightly older Ediacaran granites, due to the crustal origin of these granites. Age constraints based on detrital zircon, fossil content, interbedded volcanic rocks and isotope geochemistry confirm Paleo-, Meso-, and Neoproterozoic successions, despite uncertainties remain in some cases. Detrital zircon data show the dominance of Archean (3.3-2.8 Ga) to Paleoproterozoic (2.2-1.9 Ga), and subordinated Mesoproterozoic (1.5-1.3 and 1.1 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.5-0.6 Ga) ages. Lu-Hf zircon and Sm-Nd whole-rock model ages confirm that the Archean and the Paleoproterozoic were the major crustal growth periods for the source areas. U-Pb detrital zircon age distributions and model ages demonstrate that the Nico Pérez Terrane and not the Río de la Plata Craton was the source for most metasedimentary rocks of the western Dom Feliciano Belt. Likewise, comparison of Archean, Paleo-, Meso-and Neoproterozoic events supports that the Nico Pérez Terrane could represent a fragment of the Congo Craton.

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The Kalahari Craton, Southern Africa: From Archean Crustal Evolution to Gondwana Amalgamation

Cited by 17 publications

References 188 publications

Sm-Nd isochron ages coupled with C-N isotope data of eclogitic diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana

Sm-Nd isochron ages coupled with C-N isotope data of eclogitic diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana

The hydrothermal Waterberg platinum deposit, Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), South Africa. Part II: Quartz chemistry, fluid inclusions and geochronology

Provenance of metasedimentary rocks of the western Dom Feliciano Belt in Uruguay: Insights from U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology, Hf and Nd model ages, and geochemical data

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