A distributed robust error‐constrained filter is proposed for time‐varying uncertain systems with non‐Gaussian noises over a sensor network. In this problem, some challenges are raised. The distributed filter should be designed for a sensor network with uncertain parameters that are supposed to belong to a polytope with known vertices, and the non‐Gaussian noises that are unknown but bounded by a set of specific ellipsoids. According to the network topology, available measurements at each sensor node came not only from the individual sensor but also from its neighbours. In this approach, to consider the effects of the neighbouring node's estimation and output in the filtering algorithm, first, a distributed filter structure is introduced at each node. Then, a collective model of the sensor network is presented with the aim of distributed filtering. Next, a linear matrix inequality‐based optimisation problem is presented to guarantee the optimal performance of filtering by minimising the upper bound of the estimation error in the presence of non‐Gaussian bounded noises and polytopic uncertainty. The proposed distributed approach can be easily applied as a decentralised robust error‐constrained filter. In the end, two illustrative examples are presented to show the applicability and performance of the proposed error‐constrained filtering approach.