The Kelian disseminated gold deposit, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Leeuwen, Theo M. van; Leach, Terry; Hawke, Alan A.; Hawke, M. M.

doi:10.1016/0375-6742(90)90035-9

Cited by 60 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Bulawan deposit has distinct features compared to other gold-telluride-rich systems around the western circum-Pacific Tertiary volcanic belt such as the Kelian, Emperor and Acupan deposits (Van Leeuwen et al, 1990;Ahmad et al, 1987;Cooke et al, 1996). Mineralization in the Bulawan deposit is deficient in strong quartz veining and lacks the vuggy, colloform and crustiform vein textures which are typical of epithermal gold-telluride deposits.…”

Section: Au-ag-te Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ores occur mostly as disseminations in dacite porphyry breccia which had been sericitized and carbonate-altered. However, the Bulawan deposit shares striking similarities to the deep part of the Kelian deposit with its quartz-illite-carbonate assemblage (Van Leeuwen et al, 1990). Sphalerite grains commonly show chalcopyrite-disease.…”

Section: Au-ag-te Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, Mineralogy, and Formation Environment of the Disseminated Gold‐Silver Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Occidental, Philippines

et al. 1998

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: The Bulawan deposit is located in the porphyry copper belt of southwest Negros island, Philippines. Propylitic, K–feldspar, sericitic, and carbonate alteration types can be distinguished in the deposit. Propylite alteration occurs mainly in Cretaceous‐Eocene andesitic lavas and agglomerates while K–feldspar, sericite and carbonate alteration types occur mostly in the Middle Miocene dacite porphyry breccia pipes and stocks which were intruded into the andesites. K‐feldspar zones occur in the inner parts of the sericitized zone. Sericite alteration overprinted the propylitized and K‐feldspar alteration zones, at lower temperature than epidote and chlorite in the propylitized zone. Carbonate alteration is associated with the mineralization in the center of the breccia pipes and along faults. Mineralization consists of gold‐silver telluride ores that are hosted by the carbonate– and sericite‐altered dacite porphyry breccia pipes. The Bulawan ores occur mainly as disseminations, but unlike many epithermal gold deposits, lack classical epithermal colloform and crustiform quartz veins. The ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and tetrahedite‐tennantite with minor amounts of electrum, calaverite, petzite, sylvanite, hessite, tellurobismuthite, coloradoite, altaite, and rucklidgeite. Electrum and telluride minerals are associated mostly with calcite and dolomite‐ankerite minerals. Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in clasts of propylitized andesite in the breccia pipes homogenize from about 300° to 400°C while fluid inclusions in quartz, calcite and sphalerite within the dacite porphyry breccia pipes homogenize between 300° to 310°C. The ores were formed around 300°C from hydrothermal solutions with salinity of about 6. 6 wt % NaCl equivalent. The presence of sylvanite and calaverite as intergrowths with each other, and the Ag content of calaverite are consistent with the above temperature estimate. Based on paragenesis, the Bulawan deposit formed in a pyrite‐stable environment, with pH between 3. 4 and 5. 5, fO2 between 10‐32 to 10‐30 atm, fS2 between 10‐9.8 to 10‐7.8 atm, fTe2 between 10‐8.9 to 10‐6.5 atm, and total sulfur content about 10‐2.8 molal. The dominant reduced sulfur species in the ore solutions may have been H2S(aq), and the likely aqueous tellurium species were H2Te(aq) and H2TeO3(aq). The ore minerals in the Bulawan deposit were probably formed by mixing of slightly saline and low salinity fluids.

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Section: Au-ag-te Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Au-ag-te Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, Mineralogy, and Formation Environment of the Disseminated Gold‐Silver Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Occidental, Philippines

et al. 1998

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“…These chemical patterns might reflect the progressive conversion of plagioclase (leaching of sodium) and the subsequent formation of secondary Kfeldspar. The enrichment in potassium and corresponding loss in calcium probably reflects replacement of plagioclase by K-feldspar, and replacement of mafic minerals by sericite (Leeuwen et al, 1990). This feature may be related to the original permeability of the rock as alteration proceeds toward strong K-feldspar alteration with increas- ing permeability.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Gold Mineralization at the Ciurug Vein, Pongkor Gold-Silver Deposit, West Java, Indonesia

Syafrizal¹,

Imai²,

Motomura³

et al. 2005

Resource Geology

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. The Pongkor Gold‐Silver Mine, Bogor district, West Java, is approximately 80 km southwest of Jakarta. The gold and silver mineralization in the area is present in a deposit consisting of an epithermal vein‐system named individually as the Pasir Jawa, Gudang Handak, Ciguha, Pamoyanan, Kubang Cicau, and Ciurug veins. In the area studied, rocks of basaltic‐andesitic composition are dominated by volcanic breccia and lapilli tuff, with andesite lava and siltstone present locally. The hydrothermal alteration minerals in the Ciurug area are typical of those formed from acid to near‐neutral pH thermal waters, where the acid alteration is distributed from the surface to shallow depth, while the near‐neutral pH alteration becomes dominant at depths. The Ciurug vein shows four main mineralization stages where each discrete stage is characterized by a specific facies; these are, from early to late: carbonate‐quartz, manganese carbonate‐quartz, banded‐massive quartz and gray sulfide‐quartz facies. The major metallic minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena; they occur in almost each mineralization stage. Bornite was observed only in the southern part of the Ciurug vein at a depth of 515 m, and the occurrence of this mineral is reported here for the first time. Electrum and silver sulfides (mostly acanthite) are minor, whereas silver sulfosalts, stromeyerite and mckinstryite, and covellite are in trace amounts. The silver sulfosalts have compositional ranges of pearceite, antimon‐pearceite and polybasite. Most of the electrum occurs coexisting with other sulfide minerals, as inclusions in pyrite grains, with very little as inclusions in chalcopyrite or sphalerite. Gold grades within the Ciurug vein vary from 1.2 to hundreds of ppm, where the highest gold grade occurs in the latest mineralization stage in a thin sulfide band in vein quartz. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of calcite and quartz indicates deposition throughout the mineralized veins in the range from 170 to 230d̀C and from low salinity fluids (predominantly lower than 0.2 wt% NaCl equiv.). Fluid inclusions occur with features of boiling.

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“…The association between As and Au in multiple ore deposit types and the commonly recognized presence of an As halo around many Au-rich epithermal-and porphyry-type ore bodies has led to As being labeled a ''pathfinder'' element in the search for high-grade Au deposits (Van Leeuwen et al, 1990;Cameron et al, 2002). In spite of the apparent strong relationship between the two metals in magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits, there are few data constraining the behavior of As at the PTX conditions attending the evolution of silicate melts which supply the metals to the ore-forming environment and there are no data constraining the effects of S on metal partitioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The partitioning behavior of As and Au in S-free and S-bearing magmatic assemblages

Simon

Pettke

Candela

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The Kelian disseminated gold deposit, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Geology, Mineralogy, and Formation Environment of the Disseminated Gold‐Silver Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Geology, Mineralogy, and Formation Environment of the Disseminated Gold‐Silver Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Characteristics of Gold Mineralization at the Ciurug Vein, Pongkor Gold-Silver Deposit, West Java, Indonesia

The partitioning behavior of As and Au in S-free and S-bearing magmatic assemblages

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