The kinetics and mechanism of the electroreduction of Bi(III) ions from chlorates (VII) with varied water activity

The Catalytic Impact of Ethionine on the Multi-Step Electroreduction of Bi(III) Ions in Chlorates(VII) Solutions

“…From the charge transfer resistance values, the values of the apparent rate constant (k f ) of Bi(III) electroreduction in chlorates(VII) in the presence of ethionine were obtained. The details are described elsewhere [14]. An increase in the concentration of ethionine in all the studied chlorate(VII) solutions has no significant effect on E 0 f values (Table 3), which confirms the thesis that durable Bi(III) ions-ethionine complexes are not formed in the solutions.…”

“…The reversibility of Bi(III) electroreduction in chlorates(VII) increases with decreasing water activity [14]. It has also been shown that the process of Bi(III) ion electroreduction is catalysed by methionine [15], cysteine and cystine [16,17].…”

The Effect of Protonated Ethionine Adsorption on Bi(III) Electroreduction in Chlorate(VII) Solutions with Varied Water Activity

“…The details of the determination of the kinetic and adsorption parameters are described elsewhere [13,28].…”

“…It was found that an essential role in the electrode process acceleration is played by the ability of organic substance, undergoing adsorption on the electrode, to form complexes with the depolarizer in the circum electrode layer and location of the depolarizer reduction potential in the area of labile adsorption equilibrium of the organic substance [7,12]. The previous studies proved a significant effect of water activity [13], some amino acids [14][15][16][17], and change of the protonation of the amino acids on mechanism and kinetics of Bi(III) ions electroreduction [18][19][20][21], which developed the interpretation of the Bcap-pair^effect mechanism [11].…”

Measurements and Modeling To Determine the Reduction Potential of Uncomplexed Bi(III) in Nitrate Solutions for Application in Bi(III)-Ligand Equilibria Studies by Voltammetry

“…35 When solutions of 1 M HClO 4 with varying concentrations of NaClO 4 (1 to 8 M) were studied it was clear that the half-wave potential was dependant on ionic strength. 35,36 At moderate ionic strengths, it was reported that the Bi(III) reduction was found to be fully reversible when chloride was added, but that it never reached full reversibility in a nitrate medium. [30][31][32][33] When determining formation constants by polarography, the relationship employed (Eq.…”