The kinetics of inorganic phosphate in human dental plaque and saliva

Tatevossian, A.; Gould, Catherine

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(79)90009-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is clear that the elucidation of the driving forces in plaque fluid for enamel demineralization requires the determination of the concentrations of the constituents present, notably of those ions found in the lattice of the enamel apatite. Several investigators (Edgar and Tatevossian, 1971;Tatevossian and Gould, 1976a, 1976b, 1979Tatevossian, 1981) have recognized this need and have reported procedures to sample and to analyze plaque fluid. Nevertheless, a standing problem is presented by the limitations imposed by the very small volumes of recoverable plaque fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-analytical Determination of pH, Calcium, and Phosphate in Plaque Fluid

Rankine¹,

Moreno

Vogel

et al. 1985

J Dent Res

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Micro-analytical techniques for the determination of calcium, phosphate, and pH in a small volume (less than 0.25 microliter) of plaque fluid are described and evaluated. The accuracy and the precision of the techniques were compared with those for standard macrotechniques applied to a large pooled plaque fluid sample. The results obtained for the micro-analysis of pooled plaque fluid were in excellent agreement with those obtained by macromethods. The described techniques were also used to analyze plaque fluid obtained from single quadrants of the oral cavities of five individuals. In this fashion, it was determined that, although a significant variation in plaque fluid composition exists between the quadrants, a greater variation exists between subjects. Analyses of plaque fluid obtained from six individuals, following sucrose exposure, were also conducted. The pH value of the fluid changed with time, following a typical Stephan curve, with a minimum value occurring between 15 and 30 minutes; following this, the pH increased to a value near that for resting plaque. An inverse relationship between pH and calcium and phosphorus concentrations was observed. It is noted that the described techniques are sensitive enough to carry out the above analyses both accurately and precisely using plaque obtained from a single quadrant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-analytical Determination of pH, Calcium, and Phosphate in Plaque Fluid

Rankine¹,

Moreno

Vogel

et al. 1985

J Dent Res

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“…There have been several reports that Ca in dental plaque is bound to bacterial cell walls 22) or to protein 21) . In turn P is bound to these forms of Ca 23) . With respect to the physiological existence of minerals in dental plaque, large amounts of minerals are usually present in a bound form in plaque at neutral pH 24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specificity of mineral ions in 2-day dental plaque obtained from children and young adults

Hirose

Fukuda

Yahata

et al. 2010

Pediatric Dental Journal

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The aim of this study was to determine the variation in mineral ions (Ca and P) concentrations in 2-day dental plaque taken from different areas of the deciduous and the permanent dentition that may be related to the caries status of tooth surfaces obtained from children and young adults. We also compared those minerals between the deciduous and the permanent dentition. Plaque samples were collected from eight dentition sites, including the upper-anterior-buccal (UAB) and-lingual (UAL), lower-anterior-buccal (LAB) and-lingual (LAL), upper-posterior-buccal (UPB) and-lingual (UPL), lower-posterior-buccal (LPB) and-lingual (LPL) regions. Significant differences among these eight different sites were determined from Ca and P ions concentrations, as well as the Ca/P ratio, calculated by ANOVA. Plaque associated with the LAL region closest to the main salivary ducts and that is less prone to caries, had significantly higher levels of Ca, P ions concentrations, a higher Ca/P ratio than any other dentition areas in both children and young adult subjects. Statistical differences were seen in minerals between children and young adults. Ca ion concentrations in dental plaque from young adults were significantly higher than those of children at the LAL site. Statistical analysis of the relationships between Ca and P ions showed that there were strong associations between Ca and P ions, especially in the UPB, LAL and LPL regions where there is a high exposure to saliva. We conclude that there is a site-specificity of plaque mineral content in both children and young adults, which may reflect the differences in exposure to saliva, resulting in differences in the local cariostatic challenge. tooth surface such as saliva or dental plaque fluid. Importantly, the DS of plaque fluid is directly related to not only pH but also Ca and P ions concentrations which are common ion constituents of enamel hydroxyapatite 1). The release of these ions into the plaque-fluid phase, following bacterial acid production, can reduce the driving force for demineralization by increasing DS of plaque fluid with respect to enamel mineral. Increasing the concentrations of mineral ions in dental plaque should therefore reduce its own caries-forming potential. Our previous study showed that 4-day plaque samples from young adults, associated with the lower anterior lingual site, which

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“…Thereby, the rate of penetration of small ions and molecules into plaque is as high as 1 mm in 10 min. (Tatevossian & Gould 1979, Melsen et al 1979, Dibdin 1981, McNee, Geddes & Weetman 1982, Tatevossian & Newbrun 1983. Therefore, it is not surprising that the physicochemical properties of saliva have such a great bearing on the phase composition of dental calculus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the physicochemistry of plaque calcification and the phase composition of dental calculus

Driessens

Borggreven

Verbeeck

et al. 1985

J of Periodontal Research

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The main constituents of human dental calculus are a carbonate containing apatite and a Mg and Zn containing Whitlockite. A third important component is octocalcium phosphate. If the salivary pH is low enough, human dental calculus can also contain dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. According to the physicochemical model of calculus formation, dental calculus must contain calcite as the main component in animals having a high salivary pH. This hypothesis appeared to be valid for a salivary pH of 8 or higher (dogs, miniature pigs, domestic pigs). The physicochemical model implies that resting plaque has certain periods in which it has a higher pH than the saliva and the crevicular fluid in which it is bathed. Literature data provide evidence of such a higher pH, probably caused by proteolysis resulting in the formation of urea, ammonia, and amines by the piaque bacteria. The importance of this mechanism is supported by the fact that protease activity in saliva and dental calculus index are correlated positively (Watanabe et al. 1982). Finally, the importance of saliva as a source of urea and the application of urea rinses in dentistry are discussed.

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The kinetics of inorganic phosphate in human dental plaque and saliva

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Micro-analytical Determination of pH, Calcium, and Phosphate in Plaque Fluid

Micro-analytical Determination of pH, Calcium, and Phosphate in Plaque Fluid

Site-specificity of mineral ions in 2-day dental plaque obtained from children and young adults

On the physicochemistry of plaque calcification and the phase composition of dental calculus

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