The kinetics of the esterification reaction between castor oil and oleic acid

Erciyes, A. Tuncer; Dandi̇k, L.; Kabasakal, O. S.

doi:10.1007/bf02662283

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We assumed, like other authors [19,24], that the reaction is irreversible under the applied conditions e.g. in the absence of water, which was removed by continuous distillation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

̧g

Zwierzykowski

1998

Fett/Lipid

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“…We assumed, like other authors [19,24], that the reaction is irreversible under the applied conditions e.g. in the absence of water, which was removed by continuous distillation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found [20][21][22][23][24], that the reaction kinetics is of second order. This was proved by Hartmann [13] for uncatalyzed esterification reaction, but only for equivalent weight concentration of the substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

̧g

Zwierzykowski

1998

Fett/Lipid

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“…In this case the estolides were not characterized or their physical properties determined. Erciyes et al, (1991) However, Erdem's work did provide insight into the reaction mechanism. Later work on the kinetics of the esterification reaction of castor with lauric acid in the presence of various Lewis acid catalysts by Kulkarni et al, (2003) demonstrated that n-butyl titanate was an effective catalyst for the formation of estolide.…”

Section: Synthetic Glyceride Estolidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and physical properties of estolides

Isbell¹

2011

Grasas y Aceites

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“…At a molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil of 6 1 , a second-order mechanism with a fourth-order shunt mechanism best described the kinetics. Other kinetic studies include transesterification of CL8 unsaturated fatty acids contained in tall oil with methanol ( l l ) , acidolysis of castor oil with oleic acid (12). esterification of oleic acid with l-octanol using an immobilized enzyme on polymeric support (13), and the idealized kinetic model for the lipase-catalyzed interesterification of fats and oils (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil

Noureddini

Zhu

1997

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

896

555

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Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reacttons are believed to occur. The effect of variations in mixing intensity (Reynolds number = 3,100 to 12,400) and temperature (30 to 70'CJ on the rate oireaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:l) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on soybean oil) were held constant. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. A reaction mechanism consisting of an initial mass transfer-controlled region followed by a kinetically controlled region is proposed. The experimental data for the latter region appear to be a good fit into a second-order kinetic mechanism. The reaction rate constants and the activation energies were determined for all the forward and reverse reactions. lAOCS 74,1457-1463 (1997).KEY WORDS: Biodiesel, kinetics, methyl esters, mixing, renewable fuels, soybean oil, transesterification. triglycerides.Over the last few years. fatty acid methyl esters have assumed importance as research has intensified on the utilization of vegetable oils and animal fats derivatives for liquid fuels, known as biodiesel. Fatty acid methyl esters are products of the transesterification of fats and oils with alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst. Three consecutive and reversible reactions are believed to occur ( l ) . Mono-(MG) and diglycerides (DG) are the intermediates formed in these reactions.The variables affecting the transesterification process (also called alcoholysis) have been intensively investigated as widening industrial uses were found for esters (2-6). Molar ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, type of catalyst, temperature, and presence of impurities such as free fatty acids and moisture are among the variables that have been studied.There are a number of kinetic studies in the literature on the transesterification of esters with alcohol. However, only a few of these studies deal with vegetable oils and fatty esters. The studies on the transesterification kinetics for nonfatty esters include: the determination of the reaction rate constants, the equilibrium constant, and the activation energy for the acid-catalyzed reaction of butanol with ethyl acetate (7) and ethanol with butyl acetate (8). .4 review by Sridharan and Mathai (9) on the transesterification reactions involving alco--To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-&. houreddini@unI.edu.holysis, acidolysis, vinyl interchange, and ester-ester inrerchange contains many of the reported studies.The transesterification kinetics for vegetable oils and fatty esters has been reported in a few studies. Dufek and coworkers (10) studied the acid-catalyzed esterification and transesterification of 9(1O)-carboxystearic acid and its mono-and dimethyl esters and reported unequal chemical reactivity for different carboxyl and carboxymethyl groups. Freedman and conorkers ( l ) investigated both acid-and alkaline-catalyzed transester...

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The kinetics of the esterification reaction between castor oil and oleic acid

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

Chemistry and physical properties of estolides

Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil

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