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Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil was carried out in the presence of different amounts of HZSM-5 at 400 and 420 °C in a reactor equipped with a fractionating packed column, the length of which was varied. The products consisted of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, acids, CO, CO 2 , water, and coke. The compositions of the gaseous and liquid products were studied by gas chromatography. The product yields and compositions were affected by catalyst content, temperature, and column length. Nearly complete conversion (96.6%) of the used oil and the maximum liquid hydrocarbon yield (33%) were obtained at the highest temperature (420 °C), highest catalyst content (20%), and the lowest column length (180 mm) employed. The aromatic hydrocarbon contents of the liquid hydrocarbon products, which consisted of hydrocarbons of gasoline range, were in general lower than those obtained using fixed bed reactors but increased parallel to the increase in catalyst content. Additional thermal reactions taking place in this type of reactor increased with the increase in column length. Although the total conversion and total liquid hydrocarbon yields were influenced adversely by these reactions, liquid products with higher isomeric hydrocarbon contents were obtained with longer columns.

In this study, esterification of castor oil with oleic acid was investigated in view of the reaction kinetics under various conditions. Potassium hydroxide, p-toluenesulfonic acid and tin chloride (SnCI22H20) were used as catalysts. Reaction was carried out at 200~ 225~ and 250~ by using equivalent proportions of the reactants. For tin chloride, experimental data fitted the second-order rate equation, while for the other catalysts the obtained data fitted the third-order rate equation.

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Kinetics of the lipolysis ofNigella sativa oil catalyzed by native lipase in crushed seed were studied between 20 and 90°C. Data fitted the pseudo first‐order rate equation at 20, 30 and 40°C; and the pseudo second‐order equation at 50, 60 and 70°C, but neither equation fit at 80 and 90°C. Lipolysis approximated first‐order with respect to water.