The King–Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort

Galetta, Kristin; Brandes, Lauren E.; Maki, Karl; Dziemianowicz, E. Mark S.; Laudano, Eric; Allen, Megan; Lawler, Kathy; Sennett, Brian J.; Wiebe, Douglas J.; Devick, Steve; Messner, Leonard V.; Galetta, Steven; Balcer, Laura J.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.039

Cited by 265 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Esto motivaría a los participantes a corregir sus problemas visuales para continuar con el siguiente paso que consistió en la aplicación del Cuestionario de Madurez Neuropsicológica "CUMANES" (Portellano, Mateos, & Martinez Arias, 2012) al total de la muestra con la intención de verificar el índice de desarrollo neuropsicológico en los participantes y adicionalmente obtener información referente a la lateralidad. A continuación se aplicó la prueba King-Devick (Galetta et al, 2011), con el fin de determinar la calidad de los movimientos oculares, tanto en el tiempo y cantidad de errores cometidos. La siguiente evaluación fue la prueba EPLI, misma que tuvo que ser aplicada por profesionales calificados y autorizados.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

La relación del logro de la lectura con la lateralidad, el movimiento ocular sacádico y el color en los niños

Tacuri

Bernal

Buñay

2018

MSKN

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Several authors consider reading an important activity in school, professional and personal life. Perceptual processes, hemispheric lateralization, vision and phonological awareness are factors that intervene in reading skills that can influence the way of learning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of Irlen color transparencies on the quality of ocular follow-up during reading and the possible relationship with laterality. Participants were fifty-three (53) children, 6 and 7 years old, respectively 32 children with Irlen Syndrome (IS) or visual stress and 21 children as the reference group. All children were subjected to a series of visual standard tests to assess color blindness (Ishihara test), neuropsychological maturity (CUMANES test), Irlen syndrome (IRPS test 1 ) and rapid eye movement (K-D test 2 ). Research results reveal that reading capacity is not related to laterality, the use of color significantly improves the perceptual process of reading, and differences in reading attainment is noteworthy between children with Irlen and children without Irlen syndrome. New studies are suggested to consider the effect of attentional abilities, phonological awareness and verbal memory in reading. Keywords: Laterality, saccadic eye movements, Irlen syndrome, reading proficiency, color K-D test. RESUMENVarios autores consideran a la lectura como una actividad de suma importancia en la vida académica, profesional y personal de un ser humano. Leemos de todo, para nosotros mismos y para todos, sin embargo, los procesos perceptivos, la lateralización hemisférica, la visión y conciencia fonológica son factores intervinientes en la destreza de la lectura que pueden influir en la forma de adquisición del aprendizaje de la misma. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto que produce el uso de las láminas de color Irlen® en la calidad del seguimiento ocular durante la lectura y la posible relación con la lateralidad. Los participantes fueron cincuenta y tres (53) escolares de entre 6 y 7 años, 32 con estrés visual y 21 del grupo de referencia, a los cuales se les hizo exámenes visuales estandarizados, pruebas de ceguera al color con el test Ishihara, la madurez neuropsicológica a través del test CUMANES, síndrome Irlen o estrés visual con EPLI 1 y los movimientos oculares con la prueba K-D 2 . El análisis estadístico muestra que la lateralidad no está relacionada con la capacidad lectora; existe mejorías significativas en el proceso perceptivo para la lectura con el uso del color; sin embargo, no se encontraron valores representativos para la comprensión y número de palabras por minuto. Hay diferencias significativas en la capacidad lectora entre niños con Irlen y niños sin Irlen, y se sugiere nuevos estudios que consideren habilidades atencionales, conciencia fonológica y memoria verbal en la lectura.

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Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

La relación del logro de la lectura con la lateralidad, el movimiento ocular sacádico y el color en los niños

Tacuri

Bernal

Buñay

2018

MSKN

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“…The King–Devick (KD) test, a vision‐based rapid number naming task, has been validated as a sensitive and specific sideline performance measure for acute concussion detection 19, 20, 21, 22. The KD test is a pseudoreading task that captures afferent and efferent vision, including saccadic eye movements and their interleaved fixations, along with aspects of cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Objective metrics include only testing time and error rate. Following a concussive event, total test times are significantly prolonged from baseline,19, 20, 21, 22, 24 but not after physical exertion 25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Rizzo

Hudson

Dai³

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveThe King–Devick (KD) test, which is based on rapid number naming speed, is a performance measure that adds vision and eye movement assessments to sideline concussion testing. We performed a laboratory‐based study to characterize ocular motor behavior during the KD test in a patient cohort with chronic concussion to identify features associated with prolonged KD reading times.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with a concussion history (mean age: 31) were compared to control participants with no concussion history (n = 42, mean age: 32). Participants performed a computerized KD test under infrared‐based video‐oculography.ResultsAverage intersaccadic intervals for task‐specific saccades were significantly longer among concussed patients compared to controls (324.4 ± 85.6 msec vs. 286.1 ± 49.7 msec, P = 0.027). Digitized KD reading times were prolonged in concussed participants versus controls (53.43 ± 14.04 sec vs. 43.80 ± 8.55 sec, P = 0.004) and were highly correlated with intersaccadic intervals. Concussion was also associated with a greater number of saccades during number reading and larger average deviations of saccade endpoint distances from the centers of the to‐be‐read numbers (1.22 ± 0.29° vs. 0.98 ± 0.27°, P = 0.002). There were no differences in saccade peak velocity, duration, or amplitude.InterpretationProlonged intersaccadic intervals, greater numbers of saccades, and larger deviations of saccade endpoints underlie prolonged KD reading times in chronic concussion. The KD test relies upon a diffuse neurocognitive network that mediates the fine control of efferent visual function. One sequela of chronic concussion may be disruption of this system, which may produce deficits in spatial target selection and planning of eye movements.

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“…In a study of boxers and mixed martial arts fighters, Galetta and colleagues showed reduced KD performance (longer test time) in the setting of concussion [41]. Similar studies have shown impaired rapid number naming with sports-related concussion in collegiate and youth sports [42,43,10] and club rugby players [44]. Meta-analysis of pooled data from 15 studies has shown an 86% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the detection of concussion using the KD rapid number naming protocol [45].…”

Section: Impaired Saccade and Pursuit Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meta-analysis of pooled data from 15 studies has shown an 86% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the detection of concussion using the KD rapid number naming protocol [45]. Marindes and colleagues have reported on a comparative analysis of cognitive performance (Standardized Assessment of Concussion {SAC}), balance (Balance Error Scoring System {BESS}) and rapid number naming (KD) among college athletes in the sideline evaluation of concussion [43]. Their analysis showed increase (worsening) of KD time scores in 79% of concussed athletes as compared to a 52% worsening with SAC.…”

Section: Impaired Saccade and Pursuit Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-Related Concussion: The Eyes Have It

Messner¹

2016

Optom open access

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EditorialConcussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) owing to structural, metabolic and functional changes involving white mater tracts of the central nervous system in the absence of macroscopic findings [1][2][3][4]. Sports-related concussion is a rapidly evolving condition stimulating interest among lay and scientific communities [3]. Recent studies have shown a high rate of underreporting of concussion signs and symptoms by athletes and sideline personnel [5,6]. Accordingly, reliable and validated testing strategies are necessary to insure timely detection and removal from play for individuals suspected of concussion. Vision and visual motor problems are commonly reported among athletes following concussion [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This is to be expected as it is estimated that approximately 50% of the brain is devoted to vision and visual motor processing [16]. As such, testing of vision and ocular motility function are critical to the evaluation of a concussed individual. While disorders of vision and ocular motility have been well-reported with TBI, most of these studies have focused on visual motor problems in the setting of combatrelated TBI resulting from blast injuries [8]. There are limited studies related to vision and visual motor abnormalities from sport-related concussion.While disorders of vision and ocular motility have been wellreported with TBI, most of these studies have focused on visual motor problems in the setting of combat-related TBI resulting from blast injuries [17]. There are limited studies related to vision and visual motor abnormalities from sport-related concussion.Common vision and visual motor problems in the setting of concussion include photophobia, convergence insufficiency, disorders of accommodation and disorders of saccades and pursuit eye movements (versional dysfunction). A comprehensive ocular examination with attention to these areas of vision and visual motor function is essential to the evaluation of a concussed individual. PhotophobiaPhotophobia and phonophobia are commonly reported in the setting of concussion [18][19][20][21]. It is speculated that the mechanism may be related to disturbance of the cortico-thalamic pathways with meningeal irritation in a manner similar to that reported with migraine [18]. Light-filtering lenses have shown benefit in reducing light intolerance and reading performance in patients with traumainduced photophobia [22]. Lynch et al. have recently reported on the therapeutic value of computer gaming lenses in the mitigation of photosensitivity and headache following concussion [23]. Vergence and accommodative disordersMilitary models of traumatic brain injury show a high prevalence of vergence and accommodative deficits in these populations. In a study of 40 soldiers with combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), Capo-Aponte and colleagues reported on the proportion of near pointrelated visual-motor abnormalities as compared to age-matched controls [17]. Specific oculomotor abnormalities included high e...

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The King–Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort

Cited by 265 publications

References 36 publications

La relación del logro de la lectura con la lateralidad, el movimiento ocular sacádico y el color en los niños

La relación del logro de la lectura con la lateralidad, el movimiento ocular sacádico y el color en los niños

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Sports-Related Concussion: The Eyes Have It

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