The L4 monopolar neurone: a substrate for lateral interaction in the visual system of the flymusca domestica (L)

Strausfeld, N. J.; Campos‐Ortega, José A.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90254-0

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However a consideration of what is currently known of the anatomy of the visual tract suggests that likely candidates would be the so-called L4 cells, as described in Musca (Strausfeld and Campos-Ortega, 1973a), for the following reasons; first, three collaterals of L, cells run to three different cartridges, one of which is the parent cartridge of the cell, the other two being neighbours of that cartridge in two directions of hexagonal array (Braitenberg and Debbage, 1974); secondly, these connections are reciprocal synapses (Braitenberg and Debbage, 1974); thirdly, the centre cartridge L 4 could interact with a vertically stretched minimal surround of 6 other cartridges (Strausfeld and Campos-Ortega, 1973 a). However, even though there are reciprocal synapses according to the hexagonal array, receptive field described here is very wide and for over one synaptic connection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Some spatial properties in the first optic ganglion of the fly

Mimura

1976

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Summary. Spatial properties in the first optic ganglion of Calliphora stygia were studied electrophysiologically.1. In the lamina cells, previously described as type I, L~_ 2 or large unipolar cells, inhibitory processes were demonstrated around the centres of the receptive fields by stimulating with two short slits separated by different distances or one slit with different lengths. Although inhibitory effects were demonstrated by stimulating around the centre of the receptive field, where the largest hyperpolarizing potential was produced, inhibitory effects were not necessarily seen at equal distances in all directions from the centre, but appeared at different distances in different directions. The distances of the inhibitory area from the centre of the receptive field were in the range of 2 ~ to 3.5 ~ in the visual angle. And some directional selectivity in the response was seen, with respect to the orientation of the slit stimuli.2. A different class of lamina cell (called wide field lamina cell here) with very wide receptive fields (up to 50 ~ or even 70 ~ ) could also be recorded intracellularly. The waveform and intensity function of the hyperpolarizing responses elicited in these cells were similar to those of the usually recorded lamina cells mentioned above. Inhibitory phenomena as described above were also demonstrated in cells of this type. The receptive field of this cell type is complex, apparently being primarily excited along three intersecting axes which can be seen to contribute to the directional selectivity of the cell's graded responses to differently oriented slits. In addition, in one cell, depolarizing responses were observed in a pair of restricted areas contained in the opposite angles of two of the intersecting axes. Inhibitory interaction between hyper-and depolarizing responses was demonstrated by simultaneous illumination of both regions.The spectral sensitivity curve of this cell was UV-sensitive, and therefore not excited from retinula cells RI_ 6. It may be inferred that this is a unit with inputs from only R 7 and/or R 8.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Some spatial properties in the first optic ganglion of the fly

Mimura

1976

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…L4 is postsynaptic to amacrine cell processes that are themselves postsynaptic to photoreceptor endings. L4 also provides axon collaterals in an inner layer of the lamina where they are presynaptic to the axon hillocks of the L1 and L2 neurons of L4's own optic cartridge, and of the L1 and L2 neurons in two neighboring cartridges posterior to it (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991;Strausfeld and Campos Ortega, 1973a). L5 receives inputs from wide-field tangential processes in the lamina, possibly amacrine in nature.…”

Section: Lamina Monopolar Cells and T1mentioning

confidence: 98%

Anatomical organization of retinotopic motion‐sensitive pathways in the optic lobes of flies

Douglass

Strausfeld

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Anatomical methods have identified conserved neuronal morphologies and synaptic relationships among small-field retinotopic neurons in insect optic lobes. These conserved cell shapes occur across many species of dipteran insects and are also shared by Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. The suggestion that such conserved neurons should participate in motion computing circuits finds support from intracellular recordings as well as older studies that used radioactive deoxyglucose labeling to reveal strata with motion-specific activity in an achromatic neuropil called the lobula plate. While intracellular recordings provide detailed information about the motion-sensitive or motion-selective responses of identified neurons, a full understanding of how arrangements of identified neurons compute and integrate information about visual motion will come from a multidisciplinary approach that includes morphological circuit analysis, the use of genetic mutants that exhibit specific deficits in motion processing, and biomimetic models. The latter must be based on the organization and connections of real neurons, yet provide output properties similar to those of more traditional theoretical models based on behavioral observations that date from the 1950s. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:132-150, 2003.

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“…Behavioral experiments suggests that at intermediate contrast, the two pathways facilitate motion perception of opposite directions: back-to-front in L1 and front-to-back in L2 cells 23,24 . Connectivity further implies that L4 neurons may play critical role in the lateral communication between neighboring cartridges 25,26 . Reciprocal synapses were found between L2 and L4 cells located in the same and two adjacent cartridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of <em>Drosophila</em> Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli <em>In Vivo</em>

Juusola

Dau

Zheng

et al. 2016

JoVE

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Voltage responses of insect photoreceptors and visual interneurons can be accurately recorded with conventional sharp microelectrodes. The method described here enables the investigator to measure long-lasting (from minutes to hours) high-quality intracellular responses from single Drosophila R1-R6 photoreceptors and Large Monopolar Cells (LMCs) to light stimuli. Because the recording system has low noise, it can be used to study variability among individual cells in the fly eye, and how their outputs reflect the physical properties of the visual environment. We outline all key steps in performing this technique. The basic steps in constructing an appropriate electrophysiology set-up for recording, such as design and selection of the experimental equipment are described. We also explain how to prepare for recording by making appropriate (sharp) recording and (blunt) reference electrodes. Details are given on how to fix an intact fly in a bespoke fly-holder, prepare a small window in its eye and insert a recording electrode through this hole with minimal damage. We explain how to localize the center of a cell's receptive field, dark-or light-adapt the studied cell, and to record its voltage responses to dynamic light stimuli. Finally, we describe the criteria for stable normal recordings, show characteristic high-quality voltage responses of individual cells to different light stimuli, and briefly define how to quantify their signaling performance. Many aspects of the method are technically challenging and require practice and patience to master. But once learned and optimized for the investigator's experimental objectives, it grants outstanding in vivo neurophysiological data.

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The L4 monopolar neurone: a substrate for lateral interaction in the visual system of the flymusca domestica (L)

Cited by 78 publications

References 17 publications

Some spatial properties in the first optic ganglion of the fly

Some spatial properties in the first optic ganglion of the fly

Anatomical organization of retinotopic motion‐sensitive pathways in the optic lobes of flies

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of <em>Drosophila</em> Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli <em>In Vivo</em>

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