The Labial Aging Process: A Surface Analysis-Based Three-Dimensional Evaluation

Rosati, Riccardo; Codari, Marina; Maffessanti, Francesco; Dolci, Claudia; Ferrario, Virgilio F.; Sforza, Chiarella

doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0227-9

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This conclusion confirms the statement by Dumont who verified that skeletal classes influence soft tissue thickness, as the latter one in the chin region decreases with the increase of mandibular protrusion [24]. On the other hand, thicknesses at the upper third of the face do not significantly change as soft tissues are adherent to the bone [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

Gibelli¹,

Zago²,

Cappella³

et al. 2018

TOMIJ

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Background:The anatomical assessment of the arrangement of facial soft tissues has important applications in different fields from orthodontics to plastic surgery. One of the issues concerns the relationship between facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal class. Literature mainly deals with adult populations, whereas very few studies have been focused on children. Objective:This study aims at investigating the relationship between midline facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal classes in Italian pretreatment orthodontic child patients. Methods:Lateral cephalometric X-ray films were obtained from 220 healthy Caucasoid children (91 males and 129 females), aged between 6 and 18 years (Class I: 41 males and 70 females; Class II: 18 males and 25 females; Class III: 32 males and 34 females). All the films were digitized and 14 soft tissue thicknesses were measured on the midface; in addition, the skeletal class was assessed according to the corrected ANB angle (ANBc). Differences in facial soft tissue thickness according to sex and skeletal class were assessed through two-way ANOVA test (p<0.01). Results:Statistically significant differences according to sex were found for labrale superius, stomion and labrale inferius, with thicker soft tissues in males than in females (p<0.01). Only measurements at labrale superius and gnathion showed statistically significant differences according to skeletal class, with thicker soft tissues in Class III children and thinner ones in Class II children (p<0.01). Conclusion:The limited number of investigations, as well as the differences in protocols, renders the comparison of results from different studies difficult, suggesting further investigations to enlighten this complex and debated anatomical issue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

Gibelli¹,

Zago²,

Cappella³

et al. 2018

TOMIJ

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“…In contrast, area measurements had a marginally significant time X segment interaction [19,22], while volume measurements showed a significant time X plate interaction. Apparently, the modifications in cleft segments reflect a complex three-dimensional re-organization of palatal structures, where modifications in shape and curvature should also be analyzed with suitable methods [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palatal Volume Changes in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Paediatric Patients

Pucciarelli¹,

Pisoni²,

Menezes³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 27-28 October 2015

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Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are the most common craniofacial abnormalities. CL/P therapy involves also orthopedic and surgical treatments. In particular, the orthopedic treatment can help to align the cleft segments and facilitate surgery. Traditionally, facial and palatal structures have been analyzed by 2D methods, omitting information of volume bone defects. A pre-surgical volume estimation can be useful to determine the anatomical boundaries of the alveolar bone defect; subsequently, volume assessments can appreciate the outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting. In the present study, we developed a 3D stereophotogrammetric technique for volume estimation of the dental arches of children with CL/P. The method was employed to assess the 3D changes occurring in the maxillary arch of unilateral CLP (UCLP) patients with the use of plates before the first year of life. We collected 96 palatal casts of 32 neonatal patients with UCLP. Palatal casts were obtained before orthopedic treatment, before cheiloplasty, and after cheiloplasty. Half patients were treated with an active plate, half with a passive one. Casts were marked with a set of landmarks, digitized using a stereophotogrammetric system, and then analyzed. Volumes of the greater and the minor alveolar segments were separately assessed, and compared with a 3-w repeated measures ANOVA. Method accuracy was assessed using objects of known size, while repeatability was evaluated using Student's t test and technical error of measurements. Volume estimates were accurate, without systematic errors; random errors were lower than 5% of the total variance. Significant effects of alveolar segment and time were observed (p<0.0001). Instead, no differences were found for the kind of plate. In conclusion, stereophotogrammetric systems can be a valid instrument to estimate palatal volumes of patients with CL/P during treatment, that can be followed up in a safe, rapid and non-invasive way.

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“…Pursuit of youthful appearance has brought increasing demand for cosmetic procedures to fight against aging 1 . The lip, holding the key aesthetic features of the lower third of the face, is heavily subjected to aging process 2,3 . Previous anthropometric studies have revealed vertical lengthening of cutaneous part of upper and lower lip, decreased height of upper and lower vermilion, and upper lip elongation 4‐6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereophotogrammetry to reveal age‐related changes of labial morphology among Chinese women aging from 20 to 60

Chong

Dong

Liu

et al. 2020

Skin Research and Technology

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Background The lip is of important aesthetic value and highly subjected to aging. Collecting anthropometric baseline data and understanding age‐related changes of labial morphology can help with diagnosis of deformity, assessment of aging, and planning of cosmetic procedures. Many studies have focused on Caucasians, while there is a lack of anthropometric data on Chinese women. Methods A total of 169 women were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study and divided into four consecutive age groups. Linear distances, angles, and surface area data were obtained via stereophotogrammetry. Intergroup comparisons between different age groups were performed to find age‐related differences. Results Lip width significantly increased with age while philtrum width seemed to show no obvious change. Cutaneous upper and lower lip height increased, lengthening the lip in the vertical dimension. Decrease of upper vermilion height and changes in angles indicated that aging process shortened the upper vermilion and flattened the vermilion border. Surface area also showed age‐related changes. Intergroup comparison showed no statistical significance in most variables between 20s and 30s or 30s and 40s, while age‐related changes in some variables were significant between 40s and 50s. Conclusion This study provided anthropometric data of labial morphology across a wide age range. Aging process affected a variety of labial anthropometric variables. Age‐related changes accelerated after 40 among Chinese women.

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The Labial Aging Process: A Surface Analysis-Based Three-Dimensional Evaluation

Abstract: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

Palatal Volume Changes in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Paediatric Patients

Stereophotogrammetry to reveal age‐related changes of labial morphology among Chinese women aging from 20 to 60

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