The Lake—Induced Convection Experiment and the Snowband Dynamics Project

Kristovich, David A. R.; Young, George S.; Verlinde, Johannes; Sousounis, Peter J.; Mourad, Pierre D.; Lenschow, Donald H.; Rauber, Robert M.; Ramamurthy, Mohan K.; Jewett, Brian F.; Beard, Kenneth V.; Cutrim, Elen; DeMott, Paul J.; Eloranta, E. W.; Hjelmfelt, Mark R.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Martin, Jon H.; Moore, James T.; Ochs, Harry T.; Rogers, D. C.; Scala, John R.; Tripoli, Gregory J.; Young, J.W.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0519:tlceat>2.3.co;2

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The optical depth also increases downwind over these lakes [20] and this is captured in the MODIS retrieval composite. The MODIS cloud phase retrieval indicates water, ice and mixed phase cloud, in agreement with observations [27]. For water cloud, the retrieved effective radius of the cloud remains fairly constant between about 10 and 15 μm downwind of the coastline.…”

Section: Wind Parallel Cloud Bandssupporting

confidence: 86%

Satellite Regional Cloud Climatology over the Great Lakes

et al. 2013

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Thirty-one years of imager data from polar orbiting satellites are composited to produce a satellite climate data set of cloud amount for the Great Lakes region. A trend analysis indicates a slight decreasing trend in cloud cover over the region during this time period. The trend is significant and largest (~2% per decade) over the water bodies. A strong seasonal cycle of cloud cover is observed over both land and water surfaces. Winter cloud amounts are greater over the water bodies than land due to heat and moisture flux into the atmosphere. Late spring through early autumn cloud amounts are lower over the water bodies than land due to stabilization of the boundary layer by relatively cooler lake waters. The influence of the lakes on cloud cover also extends beyond their shores, affecting cloud cover and properties far down wind. Cloud amount composited by wind direction demonstrate that the increasing cloud amounts downwind of the lakes is greatest during autumn and winter. Cold air flows over relatively warm lakes in autumn and winter generate wind parallel convective cloud bands. The cloud properties of these wind parallel cloud bands over the lakes during winter are presented.

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Section: Wind Parallel Cloud Bandssupporting

confidence: 86%

Satellite Regional Cloud Climatology over the Great Lakes

et al. 2013

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“…Thin single-layer clouds with high amounts of supercooled liquid water that produce ice precipitation are not limited to the Arctic, but also occur in cold-air outbreaks at lower latitudes (Kristovich et al, 2000) and middle-level cloud systems (Fleishauer et al, 2002;Hogan et al, 2003). It is hoped that this case will continue to be an attractive target for cloud modellers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed‐phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: single‐layer cloud

Klein

McCoy

Morrison

et al. 2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

279

341

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ABSTRACT:Results are presented from an intercomparison of single-column and cloud-resolving model simulations of a cold-air outbreak mixed-phase stratocumulus cloud observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programme's Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. The observed cloud occurred in a well-mixed boundary layer with a cloud-top temperature of −15 • C. The average liquid water path of around 160 g m −2 was about two-thirds of the adiabatic value and far greater than the average mass of ice which when integrated from the surface to cloud top was around 15 g m −2 .Simulations of 17 single-column models (SCMs) and 9 cloud-resolving models (CRMs) are compared. While the simulated ice water path is generally consistent with observed values, the median SCM and CRM liquid water path is a factor-of-three smaller than observed. Results from a sensitivity study in which models removed ice microphysics suggest that in many models the interaction between liquid and ice-phase microphysics is responsible for the large model underestimate of liquid water path.Despite this underestimate, the simulated liquid and ice water paths of several models are consistent with observed values. Furthermore, models with more sophisticated microphysics simulate liquid and ice water paths that are in better agreement with the observed values, although considerable scatter exists. Although no single factor guarantees a good simulation, these results emphasize the need for improvement in the model representation of mixed-phase microphysics.

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“…A summary follows in section 6. In addition, the Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (LAKE-ICE; Kristovich et al 2000) was carried out over and near Lake Michigan during the 1997/98 winter when the water surface was mostly ice free. Table 1 lists their site specifications, including elevation, surface characteristics, climate regime, data period, vertical resolution, temporal interval, and total number of records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Diurnal Cycle Climatology of Planetary Boundary Layer Height

2010

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An observational climatology of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) diurnal cycle, specific to surface characteristics, is derived from 58 286 fine-resolution soundings collected in 14 major field campaigns around the world. An objective algorithm determining PBLH from sounding profiles is first developed and then verified by available lidar and sodar retrievals. The algorithm is robust and produces realistic PBLH as validated by visual examination of several thousand additional soundings. The resulting PBLH from all existing data is then subject to various statistical analyses. It is demonstrated that PBLH occurrence frequencies under stable, neutral, and unstable regimes follow a narrow, intermediate, and wide Gamma distribution, respectively, over both land and oceans. Over ice all exhibit a narrow distribution. The climatological PBLH diurnal cycle is strong over land and oceans, with a distinct peak at 1500 and 1200 LT, whereas the cycle is weak over ice. Relative to midlatitude land, the PBLH variability over tropical oceans is larger during the morning and at night but much smaller in the afternoon. This study provides a unique observational database for critical model evaluation on the PBLH diurnal cycle and its temporal/spatial variability.

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The Lake—Induced Convection Experiment and the Snowband Dynamics Project

Cited by 57 publications

References 58 publications

Satellite Regional Cloud Climatology over the Great Lakes

Satellite Regional Cloud Climatology over the Great Lakes

Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed‐phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: single‐layer cloud

Observed Diurnal Cycle Climatology of Planetary Boundary Layer Height

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