The Large Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 June 1941: Why No Significant Tsunami?

Okal, Emile A.

doi:10.1007/s00024-018-2082-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A recent re-evaluation of the 1933 Sanriku, Japan earthquake and tsunami using a variety of historical seismograms for the mainshock and aftershock adds new detail to the mechanism of the event, including the possible activation of high-angle east-dipping normal faults in addition to long-assumed west-dipping faults (Uchida et al, 2016). Similarly, reanalysis of the 1941 Andaman earthquake helped explain why no significant tsunami was reported for this M8.1 event (Okal, 2018) and reanalysis of the 1932 Manzanillo mainshockaftershock led to further understanding of tsunami generation for this sequence (Okal and Borrero, 2011).…”

Section: Traditional and Emerging Uses Of Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 97%

WORKSHOP REPORT: Securing Legacy Seismic Data to Enable Future Discoveries September 18-19, 2019 Albuquerque, New Mexico

Hwang¹,

Ahern²,

Ebinger³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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On September 18-19, 2019 a workshop on Securing Legacy Data to Enable Future Discoveries was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico engaging 29 researchers representing universities, national laboratories, and governmental agencies that included 4 international and 10 early career participants. The need and funding for this workshop grew out of a June 2018 event focused on legacy seismic data organized by the National Academy of Science Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics (NAS COSG), which sparked interest at both at the National Science Foundation and U.S. Geological Survey. The NAS COSG event identified a number of technical as well as financial challenges in trying to collect and build the datasets necessary to address key problems spanning large time periods that require legacy data. Not only are such datasets essential to evaluate global change in microseisms and extend time series of precursory phenomena, they are a crucial first step toward machine learning and other data intensive processing. Regardless, critical paper and magnetic tape records are at risk of loss or severe degradation.Presentations and discussions at the meeting were organized in three main themes: science drivers, data preservation, and future directions. Through a series of presentations by the participants, the workshop reviewed examples of tectonic, volcanic, national security and climate science questions that can best be addressed using legacy data. Next the workshop reviewed past and ongoing legacy data preservation efforts in the US and internationally, enabling participants to consider best practices. This second theme included a number of different software products to better scan analog legacy data. Several large-scale international scanning and digitizing projects, such as by Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia in Italy, SISMOMEx by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and Harvard University were described in detail. These efforts show that with sufficient resources, significant volumes of analog data can be preserved and securely archived. However, these efforts are currently only addressing a small fraction of the available high-value, legacy data worldwide. The workshop participants identified opportunities to coordinate activities internationally to achieve consensus on metadata standards. Initially, 39 metadata elements were identified. These elements can be grouped into 6 broad categories that parameterize the data including: 1) Time of Data, 2) Station/Channel, 3) Sensor, 4) Recording System, 5) Image File, and 6) Other. Participants were surveyed as to whether these elements should be required, recommended, optional, or omitted. Post-workshop, 20 additional metadata elements were contributed to the list. To reach consensus and maximize the utility of these efforts, additional vetting by the international community is warranted.At the end of the workshop, a list of next steps for legacy data activities was developed and summarized below:Analog holdings catalog. Create an inventory of analog seismic data holdings to identify current resources, connect potential users to resources, and aid in metadata discovery. Publications database. Create a database of research publications that use analog data as a resource to other researchers, inspire new studies, and provide evidence to the importance of this data.Data Availability. Develop policies to encourage legacy data submission to data centers working with existing centers on sustainable financial models.Standards. Begin work on creating FAIR compliant metadata standards to enable federated discovery and access. Establish best practices and standards for imaging and digitizing, learning from established projects. Pilot Project. Identify existing repositories to pilot federated data search and access utilizing proposed metadata standards, and retrieval of multiple data and metadata types. A pilot study will help to demonstrate the data’s value, enable consensus on standardization, and advance data processing workflows. Future Research. Identify strategies to enable future research through open source and standardization of both data and software. Identify targeted campaigns with specific research objectives defining the high priority science questions such as the identification of key stations to conduct imaging of all records and the identification of specific earthquakes for historical analysis.New Technologies. Identify enabling technologies to reduce human intervention in the end-to-end process of creating research ready, time series data.Other Communities. Attract a broader scientific community to apply seismological data in nontraditional research domains and communities with similar needs in preserving analog time series data. Outreach. Create a larger community of users through outreach at all career levels.

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Section: Traditional and Emerging Uses Of Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 97%

WORKSHOP REPORT: Securing Legacy Seismic Data to Enable Future Discoveries September 18-19, 2019 Albuquerque, New Mexico

Hwang¹,

Ahern²,

Ebinger³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A recent study of historical archives available from south India reveals that the penultimate tsunami analogous to the 2004 event occurred in 1343 CE (Rajendran, 2019), which agrees with the age constraints of tsunami sand sheet recovered from the region. While it is important to focus on the tsunami-genic earthquakes along the subduction front, the recent studies also bring out the possibility of large earthquakes like the one occurred in 1941 (≥Mw 7.5) under the accretionary prism that may not have generated notable tsunamis like the 1881 event off the Nicobar Island (Okal, 2019;Fig. 9).…”

Section: Andaman and Nicobar Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Rajendran¹,

Singh²,

Mukul³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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The last few years have witnessed consistent growth in paleoseismic investigations and active fault research in India. An overview of relevant publications during 2016-2020 indicates that this field is now widely accepted as a tool to characterize the seismic hazard in the country. Such studies initiated in the country in early nineties have gained momentum and widened its scope into a variety of tectonic and morphological settings.While earthquake frequency and fault activations are major objectives of such studies, the Indian researchers are now equally interested in constraining the fault geometry and the nature of near-surface crustal deformation, thereby contributing to earthquake hazard evaluations. This has been driven by an ever-increasing interaction between experts from associated fields like geomorphology, neotectonics, seismology, geodesy, modeling etc. Future challenges would include integrating the paleoseismological observations with the relevant geophysical inputs to develop physical models of the earthquake cycles, ultimately leading to an inventory of the active faults. Although there are gaps and disagreements on how things operated at different spatial and temporal scales, there have been broad agreements in general. The future should focus on evolving new strategies and methodologies to integrate different datasets in a coherent manner to yield practically relevant results and models that can explain data from various spatial and temporal scales.

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On the Trail of the Great 2004 Andaman-Sumatra Earthquake: Seismotectonics and Regional Tsunami History from the Andaman-Nicobar Segment

Rajendran¹,

Rajendran²

2020

Society of Earth Scientists Series

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The Large Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 June 1941: Why No Significant Tsunami?

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

WORKSHOP REPORT: Securing Legacy Seismic Data to Enable Future Discoveries September 18-19, 2019 Albuquerque, New Mexico

WORKSHOP REPORT: Securing Legacy Seismic Data to Enable Future Discoveries September 18-19, 2019 Albuquerque, New Mexico

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

On the Trail of the Great 2004 Andaman-Sumatra Earthquake: Seismotectonics and Regional Tsunami History from the Andaman-Nicobar Segment

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