The last frontier: Coupling technological developments with scientific challenges to improve hazard assessment of deep-sea mining

Santos, Miguel M.; Jorge, P. A. S.; Coimbra, Joaquim Luís; Vale, Carlos; Caetano, Miguel; Bastos, L.; Iglésias, I.; Guimarães, Laura; Reis-Henriques, M.A.; Oliva-Teles, Luís; Vieira, Maria Natividade; Raimundo, Joana; Pinheiro, M.F.; Nogueira, Verónica; Pereira, Ruth; Neuparth, Teresa; Ribeiro, Marta Chantal; Silva, Eduardo; Castro, L. Filipe C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.221

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Consequently, it is not the authors' intention to quantitatively map citation patterns or types of literature, keywords, or citations that frequently occur in the scientific literature or identify the most recurring positions and arguments. The narrative review analysis follows four steps: (1) conducting the search, (2) identifying key words, (3) reviewing abstracts and articles, and (4) documenting results. The initial search (Step 1) was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases, and applied to the search string "deep sea mining".…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following decades of anticipation, technological innovation and exploration, deep seabed mining (DSM) in the high seas may no longer be a science-fiction-like vision, but according to the mining industry and other proponents, it may be a possible reality in the coming years [1,2]. While the global economy is concerned over an eventual decline in key metal ore-grades on land alongside increased environmental and social concern tied to terrestrial mining, a new 21st century 'Klondike gold rush' is on the horizon; a race to the bottom that, while alarming to many marine scientists, aims to exploit the vast and highly unknown tracts of the deep seabed [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining

Hallgren

Hansson

2021

Sustainability

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As land-based mining industries face increasing complexities, e.g., diminishing return on investments, environmental degradation, and geopolitical tensions, governments are searching for alternatives. Following decades of anticipation, technological innovation, and exploration, deep seabed mining (DSM) in the oceans has, according to the mining industry and other proponents, moved closer to implementation. The DSM industry is currently waiting for international regulations that will guide future exploitation. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current status of DSM and structure ongoing key discussions and tensions prevalent in scientific literature. A narrative review method is applied, and the analysis inductively structures four narratives in the results section: (1) a green economy in a blue world, (2) the sharing of DSM profits, (3) the depths of the unknown, and (4) let the minerals be. The paper concludes that some narratives are conflicting, but the policy path that currently dominates has a preponderance towards Narrative 1—encouraging industrial mining in the near future based on current knowledge—and does not reflect current wider discussions in the literature. The paper suggests that the regulatory process and discussions should be opened up and more perspectives, such as if DSM is morally appropriate (Narrative 4), should be taken into consideration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining

Hallgren

Hansson

2021

Sustainability

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“…When the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were developed, coastal wetlands were not included, but the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) 48 addressed this omission and acknowledged the http://www.marineregions.org/eezmapper.php. The main transport pathways on the North West European shelf 11,26,67 are based on the main water flow (residual pathways), which will transport particulate and dissolved forms of carbon and sediment. The flows are largely driven by tides, wind driven transport, and density driven flows driven by temperature and salinity differences or by Atlantic inflow (white).…”

Section: Existing Accounting Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Source for coordinates of EEZ boundaries: http://www.marineregions.org/eezmapper.php . The main transport pathways on the North West European shelf 11 , 26 , 67 are based on the main water flow (residual pathways), which will transport particulate and dissolved forms of carbon and sediment. The flows are largely driven by tides, wind driven transport, and density driven flows driven by temperature and salinity differences or by Atlantic inflow (white).…”

Section: Carbon Stocks In Shelf Sea Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimation of the cost of carbon to society is best expressed as a range of economic values, although the basis for its estimation is a matter of debate between exchange price and cost-based positions. It is worth noting that there is growing mining pressure on seabed resources within the 200-mile national economic zone boundaries 67 . So far, the main concern has been focused on the international waters, such the High Seas, which are outside and beyond national jurisdiction and cover about 60% of the ocean 68 , and where interactions with the seabed and water column are subject to a range of bespoke governance frameworks, underpinned by non-exclusive rights enjoyed by all countries.…”

Section: Carbon Economics and Governance In The Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate action requires new accounting guidance and governance frameworks to manage carbon in shelf seas

et al. 2020

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Accounting guidelines exist for the recording of carbon flows in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. Shelf sea sediments, while considered an important carbon store, have yet to receive comparable scrutiny. Here, we explore whether effective management of carbon stocks accumulating in shelf seas could contribute towards a nation’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. We review the complexities of carbon transport and fate in shelf seas, and the geopolitical challenges of carbon accounting in climate governance because of the transboundary nature of carbon flows in the marine environment. New international accounting guidance and governance frameworks are needed to prompt climate action.

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Deep seabed mining and communities: A transdisciplinary approach to ecological risk assessment in the South Pacific

Reichelt‐Brushett

Hewitt

Kaiser

et al. 2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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This article is part of the special series entitled: "Implications of Deep-sea Mining on Marine Ecosystems." The series comprises the current state of the science regarding deep-sea ocean ecosystems and the likely ecological footprints, risks, and consequences of deep-sea mining. There is a focus on: impact assessment, policy solutions, and practices to aid in the implementation of industry guidance prepared by the International Seabed Authority and other authorities, new monitoring and assessment methods, best management practices, and emerging scientific research related to deep-sea ecosystems.

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The last frontier: Coupling technological developments with scientific challenges to improve hazard assessment of deep-sea mining

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining

Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining

Climate action requires new accounting guidance and governance frameworks to manage carbon in shelf seas

Deep seabed mining and communities: A transdisciplinary approach to ecological risk assessment in the South Pacific

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