The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context

Toussaint, Michel; Verna, Christine; Cabec, Adeline Le; Gómez‐Robles, Aida; Draily, Christelle; Richards, Michael P.; Pirson, Stéphane

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23252

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The configurations of landmarks and semilandmarks described in G omez-Robles et al (G omez-Robles et al, 2007;G omez-Robles et al, 2008) were digitized on occlusal projections of the 3D models of the Lezetxiki teeth. These teeth were compared with the Neanderthal and modern human samples (including both fossil and recent modern humans) analyzed in these and other later studies (Becam et al, 2019;G omez-Robles et al, 2007G omez-Robles et al, , 2008Toussaint et al, 2018). Major patterns of variation were summarized through principal components analysis (PCA).…”

Section: Geometric Morphometric Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neanderthal teeth from Lezetxiki (Arrasate, Iberian Peninsula): New insights and reassessment

López‐Onaindia

Ruiz

Gómez‐Robles

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives We reassess the taxonomic assignment and stratigraphic context of a permanent upper first molar and a permanent lower third premolar recovered from the archeological site of Lezetxiki in the North of the Iberian Peninsula. Materials and Methods We assessed the external and internal morphology of the teeth using qualitative descriptions, crown diameters, dental tissue proportions, and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Lezetxiki were compared with Middle Pleistocene specimens, Neanderthals, Upper Paleolithic modern humans, and recent modern humans. Results Both teeth were consistent with a Neanderthal classification. The upper first molar shows taurodontism, and its cusp proportions and overall morphology match those of Neanderthals. Geometric morphometric analyses of occlusal anatomy classify this molar as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 76%. The lower third premolar, which was originally classified as a lower fourth premolar, also shows a Neanderthal morphology. This premolar is classified as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 60%. Discussion These teeth represent the only adult Neanderthal teeth from the Western Pyrenees region found to date. The teeth were found at a stratigraphic level (designated Level III) that marks the transition level from Mousterian to Aurignacian, and are among the most recent Neanderthal remains from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Section: Geometric Morphometric Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neanderthal teeth from Lezetxiki (Arrasate, Iberian Peninsula): New insights and reassessment

López‐Onaindia

Ruiz

Gómez‐Robles

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…Most of the data from cycles A and B are from (Dewez 1993). CAP, climatic amelioration phases; GA, green amphibole content (%) from heavy minerals of the silt fraction (see Pirson et al 2011a); Palynology, synthesis of the palynological record (see Damblon et al 2011); Anthraco., anthracology (Damblon 2011); Small mammals, synthesis of palaeoecological signatures inferred from macrofaunal assemblages (Cordy 1991(Cordy , 1993Turmes 1996;Stewart and Parfitt 2011); Archaeo./Anthropo., archaeological assemblages identified in the sequence (see Draily 2011a) and position of the Neanderthal tooth (Toussaint et al 2017); Dates, the dates mentioned are uncalibrated 14 C dates, with the four new radiocarbon determinations in bold blue (see Pirson et al 2011b and this paper;Higham et al 2014), except for two ESR/U-Th dates on animal teeth (Pirouelle in Draily et al 2011) and four TL dates on burnt limestone for which the mean is given here (Debenham in Draily et al 2011); Chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic interpretation based on all available disciplines (see Pirson 2011;Pirson et al 2006Pirson et al , 2011a; MIS, proposed correlation with marine oxygen isotopic stages the 1985-1990 fieldwork, the Gravettian layer was excavated over 38 m 2 in zone 1, 8 m 2 in zone 2 and 3 m 2 in zone 3. The excavated surface for the Gravettian layer in 1996-2004 totals 3 m 2 in zone 1 only.…”

Section: Lithic Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Trade-offs Towards the Last Glacial Maximum in North-Western Europe: a Multidisciplinary View from Walou Cave

Moreau

Draily

Cordy³

et al. 2021

J Paleo Arch

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The impact of deteriorating climatic conditions on variability in the archaeological record towards the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains uncertain. Partly as a result of poor-quality data, previous studies on Upper Palaeolithic (UP) societies of North-Western Europe prior to the LGM have focused on techno-typological traditions and diversification to outline the diachronic processes through which assemblage composition changed. This study addresses the adaptive trade-offs brought about by the general climatic downturn towards the LGM in North-Western Europe, by investigating the impact of local climate and habitat characteristics on the behavioural variability that characterises Gravettian technological organisation compared to the previous Aurignacian, based on two assemblages from Walou Cave, Belgium. This site is one of the rare well-stratified sites in North-Western Europe with evidence for multiple occupation events accompanied by a fine-grained palaeoenvironmental record. We use a combination of analytical techniques (AMS, LA-ICP-MS and ZooMS) to evaluate questions about hunter-gatherer adaptations. Faunal remains at Walou Cave mirror the faunal diversity documented at numerous other Aurignacian and Gravettian sites in the broader European context, which is similar between both periods. The overall picture presented here, using multiple lines of evidence, is not entirely clear; nonetheless, the results suggest that Gravettian technologies are unlikely to solely be a product of heightened risk in relation to a significant reshuffling of food resources compared to the previous Aurignacian. Future research of the factors structuring assemblage variability prior to the LGM will have to assess whether Aurignacian and Gravettian technologies indeed offer no relative material advantage over one another, a phenomenon called ‘technological equivalence’.

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“…Similarly, for teeth for which fragments have been glued back together, and/or which were sampled for destructive biochemical analysis (e.g., the Neanderthal Walou tooth, see Fig. S4 in Toussaint et al, ) or restored with dental composite (e.g., the incisor of the Ehringsdorf G2 Neanderthal child, see Fig. in Le Cabec & Toussaint, ), such alterations may not be immediately evident to the naked eye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Casting and Reliable Cusp Reconstruction Assisted by Micro‐Computed Tomographic Scans of Fossil Teeth

O'Hara

Cabec

Xing

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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Dental replicas are frequently utilized in paleoanthropological studies of perikymata and enamel hypoplasia. However, fossil teeth are often fragile and worn, causing two problems: (1) the risk of damage by removing enamel fragments when impression-making material is separated from the fossil tooth surface, and (2) the need to reconstruct worn portions of the crown to assess perikymata number, distribution, and hypoplasia timing. This study presents the advantages of μCT data of canines and lateral incisors for (1) detecting cracks along the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) which could cause damage when casting, and (2) reliably and non-destructively reconstructing worn or broken cusps. Fragile teeth of Homo naledi, Miocene, and Pleistocene specimens were μCT-scanned: 2D virtual sections and 3D models allowed for inspecting crack pattern beyond the external surface and 2D virtual sections were used to digitally reconstruct cusp tips (only Homo naledi). Micro-CT scans allowed cracks running along the EDJ and communicating with radial cracks in the enamel to be identified prior to casting. Cusp reconstructions using μCT data were conducted as precisely as when using thin-sections or photographs, and with high intraand inter-observer agreement, while preserving the original specimen and affording numerous planes of virtual section. When available, μCT data should be inspected prior to tooth casting to exclude teeth that show a pattern of cracks that could lead to damage. Virtual sections allow for accessible, reliable, and non-destructive cusp reconstructions that may be used for developmental (e.g., perikymata and enamel hypoplasia) or enamel

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The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context

Abstract: We discuss the implications of the existence of a clearly Neandertal premolar dating to the period of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Meuse river basin.

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Neanderthal teeth from Lezetxiki (Arrasate, Iberian Peninsula): New insights and reassessment

Neanderthal teeth from Lezetxiki (Arrasate, Iberian Peninsula): New insights and reassessment

Adaptive Trade-offs Towards the Last Glacial Maximum in North-Western Europe: a Multidisciplinary View from Walou Cave

Safe Casting and Reliable Cusp Reconstruction Assisted by Micro‐Computed Tomographic Scans of Fossil Teeth

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