The latent heat of fusion of ice

Dickinson, H.; Harper, D.R.; Osborne, N.S.

doi:10.1016/s0016-0032(13)90386-0

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Obviously, when the DFP is at stage 1 (the welding time is from first to second cycle), the initial electric contact resistance is very high due to the surface films, oxide layers or other contaminants presented on the workpieces 21. Therefore, the initial generation of heat at the surfaces increases rapidly, which results in very high DFPs, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, a metal to metal contact forms, but the surface resistance may still remain relatively high due to the asperity contacts. As heating progresses, the asperities soften, and the contact area increases, which causes the resistance to decrease continuously 21. The heat generation drops accordingly, and the increasing rate of temperature in the welding region slows down; thus, the value of DFPs decreases accordingly.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As heating progresses, the asperities soften, and the contact area increases, which causes the resistance to decrease continuously. 21 The heat generation drops accordingly, and the increasing rate of temperature in the welding region slows down; thus, the value of DFPs decreases accordingly. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dfps and Nugget Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 During this period, the bulk resistance increases continuously, but the increasing size of the molten nugget makes the cross-sectional area available for the current flow increase. 21,22 This mechanism causes the resistance to decrease. Furthermore, the increased softening results in some mechanical collapse, such as the indentation, shortening the path for the current flow and decreasing resistance.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dfps and Nugget Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the increased softening results in some mechanical collapse, such as the indentation, shortening the path for the current flow and decreasing resistance. 21,22 Therefore, less heat is generated, which causes DFPs to decrease. Thus, the DFP at stage 3 reflects the increase in the nugget size and depth of indentation.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dfps and Nugget Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Experimental study on electrode displacement fluctuation characteristics during resistance spot welding

Wang¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2011

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrode displacement has been used to monitor resistance spot weld quality for long, but the fluctuation of the electrode displacement has not been well studied. This paper analysed the mechanism of the displacement fluctuation by collecting the welding current and electrode displacement during welding process and extracted the incremental pulse expansion of the electrode displacement, which was named as the displacement fluctuation peak. Through metallurgical experiments, the relationship of the displacement fluctuation peak with the weld nugget growth during resistance spot welding process was analysed. The whole process can be divided into four successive stages, and five characteristic points of the displacement fluctuation peak curve were selected to online predict the weld quality. The variation in the displacement fluctuation peak curve under different welding currents was studied, and the results showed that the displacement fluctuation characteristics can be used to effectively evaluate the weld quality.

show abstract

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Dfps and Nugget Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%