The Latitude Wise Prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32-HIV Resistance Allele in India

Bhatnagar, Ira; Singh, Madhu; Mishra, Niraj; Saxena, Rajan; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Singh, Lalji; Sk, Saxena

doi:10.2478/v10034-010-0001-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Blood samples from the individuals were spotted on Whatman FTA classic Cards (GE healthcare) and processed for PCR as per manufacturer instructions. The region containing the CCR5 - Δ32, CCR2 - 64I and SDF1 - 3 ′ A were amplified using Phusion Blood Direct PCR Kit (Thermo scientific) as per manufacturer protocol with corresponding Primers ( CCR5 -Fw: 5′-GCTGTCGTCCATGCTGTGTTT-3′, Rv:5′-CAACCTGTTAGAGCTACTGCAATT-3′); ( CCR2 -Fw:5′ATCAGAAATACCAACGAGAGCGG-3′, Rv:5′-ACACCGAAGCAGGGTTTTCAGG-3′) and ( SDF1 -Fw:5′-CAGTCAACCTGGGCAAAGCC-3′, Rv:5′-AGCTTTGGTCCTGAGAGTCC-3′) (Struyfa et al 2000 ; Junhua et al 2000 ; Bhatnagar et al 2009 ). The sequencing of PCR products were performed using 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Bio systems) sequencer using the Fw primer used in the PCR amplification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India

et al. 2015

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Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), by infecting CD4+ immune cells and hence weakening the host defense mechanism till death, is one of the major factor responsible for human demises worldwide. Both innate (monocytes and macrophages) and adaptive (T cells) immune cells expresses chemokines receptors (2 and 5) and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) which play crucial role in HIV-1 virus entry and progression. Allele variants of genes CCR5 (CCR5-Δ32), CCR2 (CCR2-64I) and SDF1 (SDFA-3′A; the ligand of CXCR4) are known to slow down the HIV-1 progression in infected individual. In the present study, the frequency of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in primitive tribe (Baiga) and a non-primitive tribe (Gond) of central India were investigated. A total 200 seronegative samples for HIV from healthy individuals of tribes were analyzed and observed allele frequencies of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A were (0, 0.035, 0.080) and (0, 0.110, 0.100) in Baiga and Gond respectively. Minor allele frequency of these alleles of Gond and Baiga tribes were compared with different populations of the world for relative hazard (RH), which indicate the risk of progression after infection of HIV1. The RH values were calculated based on genotypic frequency, showed the high RH value (RH1-AIDS1993-0.98, RH2-AIDS1987-0.98 and death/RH3-0.97) in Baiga tribe, indicates the low level of resistance against HIV-1 progression after infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1238-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India

et al. 2015

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“…Genotyping of CCR5 polymorphisms DNA from the blood samples was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Maxi Kit (QIAGEN, Germany). The amplification of CCR5-Δ32 and CCR5-R223Q (also referred to as CCR5-G668A) loci were carried out by using 10-30 ng/µL of DNA, 10uM of each forward (5'-GCT GTC GTC CAT GCT GTG TTT-3') and reverse primers (5'-CAA CCT GTT AGA GCT ACT GCA ATT-3') (26), Prime Taq Premix (Genet Bio, Korea), and ultra-pure water to make a final volume of 20 µL. PCR cycling conditions were set at the following: 95 °C for10 minutes, 95 °C for 30 seconds, 58 °C for 30 seconds and 72 °C for 30 seconds for 30 cycles and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 minutes.…”

Section: Study Population and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR5 Polymorphisms and its Relationship with HIV Susceptibility, Viral Load and CD4 Count in Early Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients in Selangor and Terengganu

Mohamad Isa,

Abu Bakar,

Zolraimi

et al. 2023

MJMHS

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Introduction: Early studies have suggested the role of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) polymorphisms in influencing HIV pathogenesis and phenotypes, including the protection against HIV infection and delaying disease progression to AIDS. This study aimed to further determine the impact of CCR5 variants (CCR5-Δ32 and CCR5-R223Q) on HIV susceptibility, viral load suppression and CD4 recovery during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among Malaysian HIV patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 182 HIV-infected who were recruited from three out-patient clinics, and 150 non-HIV subjects from Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnicities. CD4 count and viral load data at 4-6 months (t1) and 8-12 months (t2) after starting HAART were gathered from hospital records. Chi-square test was used to analyse the correlation between CCR5 variants with dependent variables. Results: Heterozygous CCR5-Δ32 and CCR5-R223Q occurred in a percentage of 0.5% (1/182) and 1.7% (3/182) among HIV patients respectively, while none of homozygous mutant for CCR5-Δ32 and CCR5-R223Q were found. CCR5-R223Q was found more frequently in non-HIV as compared to the HIV group (P=0.018). However, both polymorphisms were not found to be correlated with CD4 recovery to ≥500 cells/mm3 (P>0.05) and viral load suppression ≤50 copies/mL (P>0.05). Conclusion: CCR5-R223Q and CCR5-Δ32 alleles probably have no modifying effects on HIV susceptibility virological and immunological recoveries in the first 12 months of HAART, partially due to the low prevalence of these mutations in the studied population.

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“…Today the CCR5delta32 allele frequency (AF) is between 0.10-0.16 in Northern European populations and less than 0.08 in South-and South-East Europe 12,55 . Outside of Europe the deletion is found only in populations with European ancestry [56][57][58][59] . Past studies have estimated the age of the CCR5delta32 allele with divergent results ranging from ~700, ~3,400, and >5,000 years ago [10][11][12]15,17 .…”

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the evolutionary path of the CCR5delta32 deletion via ancient and modern genomes

Ravn

Cobuccio

Muktupavela

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The chemokine receptor variant CCR5delta32 is linked to HIV-1 infection resistance and other pathological conditions. In European populations, the allele frequency ranges from 10-16%, and its evolution has been extensively debated throughout the years. We provide a detailed perspective of the evolutionary history of the deletion through time and space. We discovered that the CCR5delta32 allele arose on a pre-existing haplotype consisting of 84 variants. Using this information, we developed a haplotype-aware probabilistic model to screen for this deletion across 860 low-coverage ancient genomes and we found evidence that CCR5delta32 is at least 7,000 years BP in age, with a likely origin somewhere in the Western Eurasian Steppe region. We further show evidence that the CCR5delta32 haplotype underwent positive selection between 7,000-2,000 BP in Western Eurasia and that the presence of the haplotype in Latin America can be explained by post-Columbian genetic exchanges. Finally, we point to new complex CCR5delta32 genotype-haplotype-phenotype relationships, which demand consideration when targeting the CCR5 receptor for therapeutic strategies.

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The Latitude Wise Prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32-HIV Resistance Allele in India

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India

Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India

CCR5 Polymorphisms and its Relationship with HIV Susceptibility, Viral Load and CD4 Count in Early Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients in Selangor and Terengganu

Tracing the evolutionary path of the CCR5delta32 deletion via ancient and modern genomes

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